It’s not until you’re actually standing in the chip aisle that you realize your friend didn’t specify which type of chips she wanted. You stare for what seems like hours (okay maybe three seconds) at plain, baked, barbeque, and even some bizarre cappuccino-flavored concoction before texting her to learn that she wants a specific brand of baked, wavy chips (that a convenience store won’t likely sell).

What does all this have to do with gender equality?

Aside from making you crave chips, my point here is that choosing articles and topics for essays is kinda like standing in that chip aisle: There’s a lot to choose from, and not all options are created equal.

Choose your chip incorrectly, and you end up with a terrible flavor that leaves a bad taste in your mouth for days. Choose your topic and sources incorrectly, and your entire essay could be equally terrible. (A bad grade will leave a bad taste in your mouth for days too.)

So grab a bag of your favorite chips, sit back, and let’s look at 10 good gender equality article choices for your upcoming essay.

The Broad Topic of Gender Equality

Before you do just about anything, you’ll need to decide what exactly to write about. While your professor may have assigned a gender equality essay, it doesn’t mean you can (or should) write about everything related to gender equality in the required five pages.

To write an effective essay, you first need to narrow your topic.

Not sure how to even begin? Here are a few suggestions:

• How/why gender inequality persists
• Why we need full gender equality
• Gender equality and LGBTQ individuals
• Gender-based violence
• Wage gap between genders
• Gender equality in the workplace
• Gender equality in education
• Should only exist sex pills for men
• Promotion of gender equality in professional sports

Keep in mind that even the above list of topics can be further narrowed.

For instance, you might discuss gender-based violence as it relates to teens, to the United States, or to another country. You might focus your discussion of gender equality in the workplace as it relates to STEM fields or to the political arena.

If you’re still not sure which direction is best for your essay, take a look at these 10 gender equality articles to help jump-start your research.

10 Gender Equality Articles to Support Your Next Essay

The articles below cover a wide range of gender equality topics, so I’ve provided a brief summary of each article to help you decide whether the article is a good fit for your essay.

I’ve also included an APA (7th edition) citation and MLA (8th edition) citation for each of the gender equality articles. (If you need to use APA 6th edition, consult this resource for the correct formatting.)

When citing, don’t forget to include in-text citations for each piece of information you use from sources. (Need a few reminders about citation and avoiding plagiarism? Click here to learn more.)

And now, let’s look at those 10 gender equality articles I promised.

1. Why Is Gender Equality Important?

This article is posted by Global Vision International (GVI), “an award-winning organization that focuses on high-impact and high-quality conservation and community development programs.”

In addition to providing readers with ways they can help promote gender equality through volunteer efforts, this article explains how creating equal employment opportunities for women can change the economy and help break the cycle of poverty.

APA 7 Citation

Darrah, P. (2019, June 11). Why is gender equality important? Global Vision International. https://www.gviusa.com/blog/why-is-gender-equality-important/

MLA 8 Citation

Darrah, Petrina. “Why Is Gender Equality Important?” Global Vision International, 11 June 2019, www.gviusa.com/blog/why-is-gender-equality-important/.

2. The Importance of Gender in Early Childhood Education Policy

Published by the well-respected Brookings Institution, the writer argues that gender equality in early childhood education is often overlooked. The writer also stresses the importance of gender awareness in order to help children thrive.

Chi, the author of this article, is a 2018 Echidna Global Scholar and Associate Professor at the Center for Teacher Education Research, KIS, MOE, Beijing Normal University.

APA 7 Citation

Chi, J. (2018, November 5). The importance of gender in early childhood education policy. Brookings Institution. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/education-plus-development/2018/11/05/the-importance-of-gender-in-early-childhood-education-policy/

MLA 8 Citation

Chi, Jin. “The Importance of Gender in Early Childhood Education Policy.” Brookings Institution, 5 Nov. 2018, www.brookings.edu/blog/education-plus-development/2018/11/05/the-importance-of-gender-in-early-childhood-education-policy/.

3. Gender Equality As a Security Issue

This article asserts that gender inequality should not be thought of as only a feminist issue. It is, in fact, a global security issue. The author indicates that “studies have repeatedly shown that gender inequality is a global concern, linked to domestic and international conflict, radicalization and economics.”

Published by Yale University, this article passes the CRAAP Test regarding currency and authority. If it meets your research needs and is relevant to your essay, it will have passed the test with flying colors.

APA 7 Citation

Johnson-Freese, J. (2019, September 17). Gender equality as a security issue. YaleGlobal Online. https://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/gender-equality-security-issue

MLA 8 Citation

Johnson-Freese, Joan. “Gender Equality As a Security Issue.” YaleGlobal Online, 17 Sept. 2019, yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/gender-equality-security-issue.

4. Gender Inequality Is One of the Most Persistent Evils of Our Times

Written by the Prime Minister of Iceland, this piece examines the #MeToo movement and how the government can eliminate gender inequality to work toward an equal society.

This article is published by CNN, a respected news organization.

If you’re not sure whether the online sources you’re reviewing are credible, take a look at Evaluating Websites: What You Need to Know to Find Great Sources.

APA 7 Citation

Jakobsdóttir, K. (2019, September 17). Gender inequality is one of the most persistent evils of our times. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2019/09/17/opinions/katrn-jakobsdttir-gender-inequality-intl/index.html

MLA 8 Citation

Jakobsdóttir, Katrin. “Gender Inequality Is One of the Most Persistent Evils of Our Times.” CNN, 17 Sept. 2019. www.cnn.com/2019/09/17/opinions/katrn-jakobsdttir-gender-inequality-intl/index.html.

5. Goal 5: Achieve Gender Equality and Empower All Women and Girls

This United Nations article highlights the importance of achieving gender equality in order to build a “foundation for a peaceful, prosperous and sustainable world.”

This article includes gender inequality statistics and also links to a variety of gender- and equality-related sites.

Interested in reading one writer’s thoughts on how to achieve gender equality? Take a look at The Goals and Ways of Achieving Gender Equality.

APA 7 Citation

United Nations. (n.d.). Goal 5: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls. https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/gender-equality/

MLA 8 Citation

“Goal 5: Achieve Gender Equality and Empower All Women and Girls.” United Nations,  www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/gender-equality/.

6. Gender Inequality and Women in the Workplace

Posted as a Q&A with a sociology professor at Harvard, this piece examines the concerns of work–life balance, fertility rates, and concerns over the declining birth rate in Japan and how the decline could undermine the Japanese economy.

Not sure how to approach an essay about gender equality in the workplace? Get inspired by reading this essay from our library on childcare, gender equality, and paternal leave, or this essay on women in combat.

APA 7 Citation

Harvard Summer School. (n.d.). Gender inequality and women in the workplace. https://www.summer.harvard.edu/inside-summer/gender-inequality-women-workplace

MLA 8 Citation

“Gender Inequality and Women in the Workplace.” Harvard Summer School, www.summer.harvard.edu/inside-summer/gender-inequality-women-workplace.

7. Women’s Rights (killer facts on gender equality)

This is a brief fact sheet filled with statistics about gender inequality. For instance, the fact sheet states how “gender-based violence is one of the biggest causes of injury and death to women worldwide, causing more deaths and disability among women aged 15 to 44 than cancer, malaria, traffic accidents, and war.” The fact sheet also details how, “as a result of violence and neglect, there are 50 million fewer women in South Asia today than there should be.”

This fact sheet is published by OxFam New Zealand, “a non-profit organisation dedicated to finding lasting solutions to poverty and injustice” (OxFam.org.nz), and also links to a women’s rights section of the website.

Looking for ideas about gender equality and the status of women in society? Check out this essay from our library.

APA 7 Citation

OxFam New Zealand. (n.d.). Women’s rights. https://www.oxfam.org.nz/what-we-do/issues/gender-equality/killer-facts

MLA 8 Citation

“Women’s Rights.” OxFam New Zealand, 2019, www.oxfam.org.nz/what-we-do/issues/gender-equality/killer-facts.

8. 7 Appalling Facts That Prove We Need Gender Equality Now

This article highlights seven facts to illustrate the injustices of gender inequality, including the fact that “over 150 countries have at least one actively sexist law.” Other facts include that “1 in 3 women have experienced physical or sexual violence at some point in their lifetime.” Additionally, per the article, “in most countries, women only earn between 60 and 75% of men’s wages – for the same work.”

The site also links to a variety of resources with more information about each of the facts.

Interested in writing about the gender pay gap? Get inspired by reading A Study of the Gender Pay Gap in Society.

APA 7 Citation

Olorunshola, Y. (2016, May 25). 7 appalling facts that prove we need gender equality now. Global Citizen. https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/shocking-facts-gender-inequality-international-wom/

MLA 8 Citation

Olorunshola, Yosola. “7 Appalling Facts That Prove We Need Gender Equality Now.” Global Citizen, 25 May 2016, www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/shocking-facts-gender-inequality-international-wom/.

9. 17 Marketing Campaigns With a Positive Message for Women

Included in this blog post by Econsultancy are 17 marketing campaigns that fight inequality and female idealism, and promote female empowerment.

The highlighted ads tackle domestic violence, motherhood, education, fashion and beauty even in the young ones.

APA 7 Citation

Econsultancy. (2018, November 21). 17 marketing campaigns with a positive message for women. https://econsultancy.com/17-marketing-campaigns-with-a-positive-message-for-women/

MLA 8 Citation

“17 Marketing Campaigns With a Positive Message for Women.” Econsultancy, 21 Nov. 2018, econsultancy.com/17-marketing-campaigns-with-a-positive-message-for-women/.

10. Gender Equality: “No Room at the Top for Women Scientists”

This article reports the findings of several studies. Per the article, although women do enter STEM and related science fields, many “leave the profession due to problems such as harassment and issues around promotion and pay.”

This article is trustworthy and is a reliable research source as it’s published by BBC News.

APA 7 Citation

Briggs, H. (2019, September 6). Gender equality: “No room at the top for women scientists.” BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-49552812

MLA 8 Citation

Briggs, Helen. “Gender Equality: ‘No Room at the Top for Women Scientists.’” BBC News, 6 Sept. 2019, www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-49552812.

What’s Next?

Finished your bag of chips but aren’t sure what to do next? You could make another snack run to the convenience store. But you might want to actually do a little more research to find additional gender equality articles for your upcoming essay first. (You can always get more snacks after you’ve finished your research.)

Here are several additional resources to not only help you find the sources you need but also help you put everything together into a finished research essay:

• 5 Best Resources to Help With Writing a Research Paper
• 15 Thesis Statement Examples for Research Papers to Inspire You
• How to Write a Research Paper: A Step-by-Step Guide
• How to Craft a Research Paper Outline

Finished your research and completed a draft of your gender equality essay? Pat yourself on the back, and let a Kibin editor help you make your draft even more awesome. We’re here 24/7 to help you with any step of the writing process.

Add up the number of hours you spend each week on Instagram, Facebook, Snapchat, and other social media sites.

Now add to that the number of hours each week you spend surfing the web, playing video games, or completing some other online task on your laptop, tablet, or phone.

Are you afraid to add up all those hours because your answer might be, “More hours than I’d ever care to admit”? If so, you’re not alone. Many people seem to be addicted to tech. Others, however, say that technology addiction isn’t a real addiction.

It’s a rather recent but ongoing debate. And because it’s such a relevant and debatable topic, technology addiction makes a fine topic for a persuasive essay.

Now that you’ve chosen to write about technology addiction, it’s time to do your research! This post contains 20 technology addiction articles to support your persuasive essay.

Choosing the Right Technology Addiction Articles to Support Your Persuasive Essay

Finding articles to support your persuasive essay is easy. Finding the right articles to support your persuasive essay is a bit more challenging.

It can be tempting to simply use the first five results from your “technology addiction” Google search, but the first few sources in a list of search results aren’t always the best.

The top five results may be good sources, but you don’t know until you take the time to evaluate them. Read How to Apply the CRAAP Test to Your Essay Sources to learn how to tell whether a source is credible and appropriate for your persuasive essay.

Still looking for a source of inspiration for your technology addiction persuasive paper? Keep reading!

20 Technology Addiction Articles to Support Your Persuasive Essay

I’ve included a summary of each article and MLA 8 and APA citations you can use on your Works Cited or References page, respectively. (Don’t forget to cite articles using in-text citations too!)

I’ve also included links to a few example essays so that you can see what other writers have written about the topic.

Are We Addicted to Technology?

1. Are You Addicted to Technology?

This article provides a broad overview of varied forms of technology addiction, how people become addicted, and how people might treat an addiction to technology.

This article is published on the website Everyday Health, which is certified by Health on the Net (HON), a nonprofit Swiss organization that reviews online medical information.

Because the article is not only reviewed by an MD but also certified by HON, the information can be considered credible.

MLA 8 Citation

Scott, Jennifer A. “Are You Addicted to Technology?” EverydayHealth.com, 9 Oct. 2014, www.everydayhealth.com/news/are-you-addicted-technology/.

APA Citation

Scott, J. A. (2014). Are you addicted to technology? Retrieved from http://www.everydayhealth.com/news/are-you-addicted-technology/

2. Technology Addiction Test

If you’re not sure if you’re addicted to technology, you can take this quick 10-question quiz to assess your technology use and possible addiction.

This quiz is useful not only to see if you’re addicted to technology but also to possibly inspire you to conduct your own original research about technology addiction to support your persuasive essay.

Learn more about writing survey questions by reading How to Write Perfect Survey Questions for Your Paper.

MLA 8 Citation

“Technology Addiction Test.” Nightingale Hospital, www.nightingalehospital.co.uk/test/technology-addiction-test/.

APA Citation

Technology addiction test. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.nightingalehospital.co.uk/test/technology-addiction-test/

3. Late-Night Screen Time Puts Teens’ Sleep and Mental Health at Risk

Approximately 50% of teens report being addicted to their smartphones and end up putting their mental health at risk due to excessive use of technology.

This article, published by CBS News, suggests that parents teach children good technology habits and lead by example to help children establish technology boundaries.

MLA 8 Citation

“Late-night Screen Time Puts Teens’ Sleep and Mental Health at Risk.” CBS News, 3 July 2017, www.cbsnews.com/news/late-night-cell-phone-screen-time-teens-mental-health-sleep/.

APA Citation

Late-night screen time puts teens’ sleep and mental health at rIsk. (2017). Retrieved from http://www.cbsnews.com/news/late-night-cell-phone-screen-time-teens-mental-health-sleep/

4. Hooked on Your Phone?

Published by the well-respected CBS News and a 60 Minutes broadcast, this article and corresponding video discuss people’s addictions to cellphones and the anxiety they feel when they’re away from their phones.

Reporter Anderson Cooper also examines his own cellphone use.

Check out the example essay, The Factors Contributing to the Addiction to Technology to read more about why some people may become addicted to technology.

MLA 8 Citation

McCandless, Brit. “Hooked on Your Phone?” CBS News, 11 June 2017, www.cbsnews.com/news/hooked-on-phones/.

APA Citation

McCandless, B. (2017). Hooked on your phone? Retrieved from http://www.cbsnews.com/news/hooked-on-phones/

A relevant and debatable topic, technology addiction is the perfect topic for a persuasive essay.
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5. What Does It Mean to Have a Technology or Video Game Addiction?

Contained in this Healthline article are several sections to help readers identify and define technology addiction (and different types of tech addiction). It also includes a list of symptoms of tech addiction and ways to treat addiction.

The end of the article includes a variety of resources for those suffering from addiction. If you’re writing an essay to try to persuade someone to break an addiction, including some of these resources might prove to be a key point of your paper.

Note: When you’re analyzing a source to determine whether it’s appropriate for your paper, always check to see if the article cites its sources. This article increases its credibility by including a list of resources.

Healthline also uses a professional medical review board to review all articles for accuracy, which gives the site’s content even more credibility.

MLA 8 Citation

“What Does It Mean to Have a Technology or Video Game Addiction?” Healthline, www.healthline.com/health/addiction/gaming-and-technology#overview1.

APA Citation

What does it mean to have a technology or video game addiction? (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.healthline.com/health/addiction/gaming-and-technology#overview1

Stuck on Your Persuasive Essay?

Check out these example persuasive essays.

Yes! Show me examples.

6. Is Internet Addiction a Real Thing?

This article provides an overview of Marc Potenza’s work on Internet addiction.

Potenza, a psychiatrist at Yale and the director of the school’s Program for Research on Impulsivity and Impulse Control Disorders, has studied and treated various forms of addiction for over 20 years.

MLA 8 Citation

Konnikova, Maria. “Is Internet Addiction a Real Thing?” The New Yorker,  Condé Nast, 26 Nov. 2014, www.newyorker.com/science/maria-konnikova/internet-addiction-real-thing.

APA Citation

Konnikova, M. (2014, November 26). Is Internet addiction a real thing? The New Yorker. Retrieved from http://www.newyorker.com/science/maria-konnikova/internet-addiction-real-thing

7. What Is “Brain Hacking”? Tech Insiders on Why You Should Care

In this 60 Minutes transcript, Anderson Cooper interviews a former Google project manager who explains the ways in which companies design technology to keep people addicted to their phones.

MLA 8 Citation

Cooper, Anderson. “What Is ‘Brain Hacking’? Tech Insiders on Why You Should Care.” CBS News, 9 April 2017, www.cbsnews.com/news/brain-hacking-tech-insiders-60-minutes/.

APA Citation

Cooper, A. (2017). What is “brain hacking”? Tech insiders on why you should care. Retrieved from http://www.cbsnews.com/news/brain-hacking-tech-insiders-60-minutes/

The Evidence and Cost of Technology Addiction

8. Confessions of a Technology Addict

This article reports the results of a study of 200 University of Maryland students who were asked to abstain from social media for 24 hours. Students reported feeling isolated and as though the situation was unbearable. They also admitted to being addicted to their devices.

The author also alludes to his own technology addictions and suggests that people take a break from technology to actually enjoy the world for awhile (sans screens).

Interested in other ways in which people are affected by excessive use of technology? Check out this example paper about Internet addiction.

MLA 8 Citation

Kinchlow, Caleb. “Confessions of a Technology Addict.” HuffPost, 5 July 2016, www.huffingtonpost.com/caleb-kinchlow/confessions-of-a-technolo_b_10823314.html.

APA Citation

Kinchlow, C. (2016). Confessions of a technology addict. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/caleb-kinchlow/confessions-of-a-technolo_b_10823314.html

9. We’re Losing a Whole Generation of Young Men to Video Games

If you’ve ever participated in a marathon gaming session, you might be able relate to this timely New York Post article. It examines excessive video game playing, how it turns into addiction, and how it can have detrimental effects on people’s careers and personal lives.

MLA 8 Citation

Smith, Kyle. “We’re Losing a Whole Generation of Young Men to Video Games.” New York Post, NYP Holdings, 8 July 2017,  www.nypost.com/2017/07/08/were-losing-a-whole-generation-of-young-men-to-video-games/amp/.

APA Citation

Smith, K. (2017, July 8). We’re losing a whole generation of young men to video games. New York Post. Retrieved from http:/www.nypost.com/2017/07/08/were-losing-a-whole-generation-of-young-men-to-video-games/amp/

10. Our Addiction to Technology Is Like A Drug High—But We Can Fix It

Writer Travis Murdock states, “We are a nation of ‘digiholics,’ and the chaos and confusion that have permeated our lives as a result of our technology addiction is debilitating and disruptive to our professional and personal well-being.”

Murdock also states that businesses lose productivity due to distracted workers and that people experience what amounts to drug highs through constant technology interaction.

This article offers several suggestions to help people “detox” from technology and interact in healthier ways (both on- and offline).

Read the example essay The Negative Effects of Information Overload in Humans to learn more about how people are affected by technology overload.

MLA 8 Citation

Murdock, Travis. “Our Addiction to Technology Is Like A Drug High—But We Can Fix It.” Business Insider, 13 April 2016, www.businessinsider.com/the-cost-of-technology-addiction-2016-4.

APA Citation

Murdock, T. (2016). Our addiction to technology is like a drug high—but we can fix it. Retrieved from http://www.businessinsider.com/the-cost-of-technology-addiction-2016-4

11. Excessive Playing of Candy Crush Ruptures Man’s Tendon, Fuels Addiction Concerns

Though brief, this article describes a seemingly clear-cut case of gaming addiction and discusses the case of a 29-year-old man who required surgery on his thumb after he spent 6–8 weeks constantly playing Candy Crush.

The article also includes five warning signs of gaming and Internet addiction.

MLA 8 Citation

Mason, Lacey. “Excessive Playing of Candy Crush Ruptures Man’s Tendon, Fuels Addiction Concerns.” WTOP, 14 April 2015, www.wtop.com/tech/2015/04/excessive-playing-of-candy-crush-ruptures-mans-tendon-fuels-addiction-concerns/.

APA Citation

Mason, L. (2015). Excessive playing of Candy Crush ruptures man’s tendon, fuels addiction concerns. Retrieved from http://www.wtop.com/tech/2015/04/excessive-playing-of-candy-crush-ruptures-mans-tendon-fuels-addiction-concerns/

12. Student “Addiction” to Technology “Similar to Drug Cravings,” Study Finds

Though this article is a bit older, it reports the results of a study of 17- to 23-year-old students where “nearly four in five students had significant mental and physical distress, panic, confusion and extreme isolation when forced to unplug from technology for an entire day.”

Students reported (among other things) feeling depressed, lonely, anxious, and even paranoid. They also struggled to go 24 hours without media.

The article also links to several articles related to technology addiction.

MLA 8 Citation

Hough, Andrew. “Student ‘Addiction’ to Technology ‘Similar to Drug Cravings,’ Study Finds.” The Telegraph, 8 April 2011, www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/8436831/Student-addiction-to-technology-similar-to-drug-cravings-study-finds.html.

APA Citation

Hough, A. (2011, April 8). Student “addiction” to technology “similar to drug cravings,” study finds. The Telegraph. Retrieved from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/8436831/Student-addiction-to-technology-similar-to-drug-cravings-study-finds.html

Stuck on Your Persuasive Essay?

Check out these example persuasive essays.

Yes! Show me examples.

13. Tech Expert Sherry Turkle Says Smartphone Addiction Makes Us Want to Talk Less

Turkle argues that people have difficulty being alone with their thoughts due to the constant “always on” of cellphones. She states that people continually check their phones to stay connected with others and often focus more on media than their current surroundings.

Turkle’s research even found that college students often show less empathy as they’re used to communicating digitally rather than face to face.

One student stated (in regard to real conversation), “I’ll tell you what’s wrong with conversation,” he said. “It happens in real time, and you can’t control what you’re going to say. And there’s no app for that.”

MLA 8 Citation

Cho, Janet H. “Tech Expert Sherry Turkle Says Smartphone Addiction Makes Us Want to Talk Less.” Cleveland.com, Advance Ohio, 16 March 2015, www.cleveland.com/business/index.ssf/2015/04/how_smartphones_make _us_flee_from_conversations_and_want_to_talk_less_according_to _technology_expert_sherry_turkle.html.

APA Citation

Cho, J. H. (2015). Tech expert Sherry Turkle says smartphone addiction makes us want to talk less. Retrieved from http://www.cleveland.com/business/index.ssf/2015/04/how_smartphones _make_us_flee_from_conversations_and_want_to_talk_less _according_to_technology_expert_sherry_turkle.html

14. Digital Addiction: The Social Cost of Constant Mobile Connection

This article reports that people feel excitement and anticipation when checking digital communications. It also warns that this behavior can become habit forming, ultimately distracting users from other, more important tasks.

The Irish Times was first published in 1859, and this established news source is still considered a trustworthy newspaper.

MLA 8 Citation

Holden, John. “Digital Addiction: The Social Cost of Constant Mobile Connection.” The Irish Times, 16 April 2015, www.irishtimes.com/business/technology/digital-addiction-the-social-cost-of-constant-mobile-connection-1.2176986.

APA Citation

Holden, J. (2015, April 16). Digital addiction: The social cost of constant mobile connection. The Irish Times. Retrieved from http://www.irishtimes.com/business/technology/digital-addiction-the-social-cost-of-constant-mobile-connection-1.2176986

15. We Spend More Time Watching Netflix Than With Our Friends

As the title of this article indicates, people spend more time with streaming media than socializing with people.

According to the article, “A new data analysis suggests we spend more time watching Netflix in a day than we do socializing, exercising and reading combined. The technology website Cord Cutting analyzed reports from the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ American Time Use survey and from Netflix about its user behavior. Among the discoveries: Americans spend, on average, over an hour more per day with the streaming service than doing other leisure activities.”

MLA 8 Citation

Holmes, Lindsay. “We Spend More Time Watching Netflix Than With Our Friends.” HuffPost, 17 May, 2016, www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/netflix-time-use-data_us_573a03bce4b077d4d6f39e4e.

APA Citation

Holmes, L. (2016). We spend more time watching Netflix than with our friends. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/netflix-time-use-data_us_573a03bce4b077d4d6f39e4e

16. Smartphone Addiction

“Nomophobia—fear of being without your smartphone—affects 40% of the population.”

This Psychology Today article reports that many people are almost always within a few feet of their smartphones and feel panic, fear, and other withdrawal symptoms when separated from their phones.

Some individuals seemingly cannot be away from the technology and report using their phones during sex, in the shower, and while driving.

Included in the article are warning signs of smartphone addiction and ways to help break the addiction.

MLA 8 Citation

Archer, Dale. “Smartphone Addiction.” Psychology Today, Sussex, 25 July 2013, www.psychologytoday.com/blog/reading-between-the-headlines/201307/smartphone-addiction.

APA Citation

Archer, D. (2013, July 25). Smartphone addiction [Blog post]. Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/reading-between-the-headlines/201307/smartphone-addiction

17. Looking Through the Screen

This article is written by a 17-year-old high school student, so it may not be appropriate if only scholarly research articles are required for your paper.

The article does, however, provide a teen’s perspective on smartphone addiction and, thus, offers a unique insight into the problem.

MLA 8 Citation

Barlas, Meral. “Looking Through the Screen.” HuffPost, 8 Oct. 2014, www.huffingtonpost.com/meral-barlas/technology-addiction_b_5646566.html.

APA Citation

Barlas, M. (2014). Looking through the screen. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/meral-barlas/technology-addiction_b_5646566.html

18. Cellphone Vibration Syndrome and Other Signs of Tech Addiction

This article examines cellphone vibration syndrome (the feeling that your phone is vibrating in your pocket when you haven’t received a text or call). The syndrome is increasingly common, but it doesn’t necessarily mean that anyone who experiences it is a tech addict.

The article uses a Q&A format to examine a variety of concerns about what constitutes addiction to technology and how to lessen technology’s hold on people’s lives.

MLA 8 Citation

Thibodeau, Patrick. “Cellphone Vibration Syndrome and Other Signs of Tech Addiction.” Computerworld, IDG Communications, 24 May 2012, www.computerworld.com/article/2504472/smartphones/cellphone-vibration-syndrome-and-other-signs-of-tech-addiction.html.

APA Citation

Thibodeau, P. (2012). Cellphone vibration syndrome and other signs of tech addiction. Retrieved from  http://www.computerworld.com/article/2504472/smartphones/cellphone-vibration-syndrome-and-other-signs-of-tech-addiction.html

Treating Technology Addiction

19. What Parents Need to Know About Technology Addiction

Published by Common Sense Media, this article highlights key findings of the site’s recent study about technology addiction. Results indicate that almost half of teens polled felt they were addicted to their mobile devices.

The article also explains that excessive use of technology can be harmful and provides parents with tips to help their teens manage technology.

MLA 8 Citation

Robb, Michael. “What Parents Need to Know About Technology Addiction.” Common Sense Media, 2 May 2016, www.commonsensemedia.org/blog/what-parents-need-to-know-about-technology-addiction.

APA Citation

Robb, M. (2016, May 2). What parents need to know about technology addiction [Blog post]. Retrieved from http://www.commonsensemedia.org/blog/what-parents-need-to-know-about-technology-addiction

20. Technology Addiction—Detection, Treatment, and Control

As described in the title, this article offers a list for parents to help them identify whether their child is addicted to technology, suggestions to control technology use, and tips for treatment.

MLA 8 Citation

“Technology Addiction—Detection, Treatment, and Control.” NoBullying.com, 22 Dec. 2015, nobullying.com/technology-addiction-detection-treatment-and-control/.

APA Citation

Technology addiction—detection, treatment, and control. (2015). Retreived from http://nobullying.com/technology-addiction-detection-treatment-and-control/

Looking for Even More Information for Your Technology Addiction Essay?

Even though this is a pretty detailed list of technology addiction articles, you may not find all the information you need for your paper in these 20 sources.

If you’re looking for information that you just can’t find in the sources I’ve included, you’ll need to do more research. I know that sounds dreadful, but you don’t have to leave your desk (or your couch) to do so. That eases the pain of research just a little bit, doesn’t it?

So how do you complete more research from your couch? Read 5 Best Sources to Help with Writing a Research Paper to learn how.

Completed your research but need more help with writing the essay? Take a look at these helpful resources:

• How to Write a Persuasive Essay That’s Convincing
• 2 Persuasive Essay Examples That Pack a Punch
• 6 Prewriting Strategies to Get Your Essay Rolling

Need even more inspiration? Check out these additional example essays on technology addiction.

Use these technology addiction articles, and any other sources you find, and you’ll be on your way to a top-notch persuasive paper.

After you write your persuasive essay, don’t forget to have one of our Kibin editors help you with the finishing touches!

Stuck on Your Persuasive Essay?

check out these example essays

Yes! Show me examples.

Image #1: Professional, ethical scientists carefully monitoring and testing animals and developing life-saving cures.

Image #2: People needlessly injecting, probing, and torturing defenseless animals.

While some of you may have an image that’s somewhere between ethical testing and torture, I’m sure many of you will either see Image #1 or Image #2.

Animal testing is one of those topics that can polarize opinions. It’s this extreme difference in opinion that can make this topic a good choice for a persuasive essay.

Animal testing is a polarizing topic, and this makes it a good choice for a persuasive essay.
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It’s easy to say you’re either for or against animal testing, but you can’t write an effective persuasive essay about the topic without evidence to support your opinion.

Use these animal testing articles to help support your persuasive essay.

Choosing Appropriate Animal Testing Articles

One of the most important things to remember about research and choosing articles for your persuasive essay is that not all sources are created equal.

Sources can be outdated, incorrect, biased, or simply not appropriate for your paper.

That blog written by your roommate about how to reduce stress and anxiety during exam week might provide some useful advice. But if you’re writing a research paper, you’re better off citing someone more credible, like a professor or doctor.

And because finding good sources takes time, don’t simply pick the first five sources you find after Googling “animal testing.”

Finding good sources takes time, don’t simply pick the first 5 sources you find on Google.
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Actually read the sources before you decide to use them for your paper. (I know, this adds some extra time to your research process, but trust me, it’s worth it.)

Wondering how to tell if a source is credible? Read How to Apply the CRAAP Test to Your Essay Sources.

Still not sure what credible articles might look like? Review the following animal testing articles to find support for your persuasive essay.

20 Animal Testing Articles to Support Your Persuasive Essay

Whether you’re for or against animal testing, your paper needs to do the following:

• Provide readers with background information
• Acknowledge the opposing view (learn more about opposing viewpoints and writing an argument here)
• Persuade readers of your viewpoint through by using good evidence.

I’ve divided these resources into categories to help you find the most appropriate articles for your persuasive essay.

I’ve also included an MLA 8 citation and APA citation for each article.

Articles on the history of animal testing

1. Animal Testing and Medicine

Written by a cardiologist, this article provides a brief overview of the history of animal testing but ultimately argues that animal testing is necessary and beneficial. (If you’re writing an argument of your own, check out How to Write a Winning Argument Essay.)

MLA 8 Citation

Hajar, Rachel. “Animal Testing and Medicine.” Heart Views: The Official Journal of the Gulf Heart Association, vol. 12, no. 1, 2011, p. 42, doi.org/10.4103/1995-705X.81548.

APA Citation

Hajar, R. (2011). Animal testing and medicine. Heart Views: The Official Journal of the Gulf Heart Association, 12(1), 42. http://doi.org/10.4103/1995-705X.81548

2. Animal Testing: A Long, Unpretty History

This article provides a brief history of animal testing, including animal testing completed by the Greeks and Romans in the 2nd century and more recent testing on chimpanzees.

MLA 8 Citation

Scutti, Susan. “Animal Testing: A Long, Unpretty History.” Medical Daily, Newsweek Media Group, 27 June 2013, www.medicaldaily.com/animal-testing-long-unpretty-history-247217.

APA Citation

Scutti, S. (2013). Animal testing: A long, unpretty history. Retrieved from http://www.medicaldaily.com/animal-testing-long-unpretty-history-247217

3. Animal Welfare Act

Published on the U.S. Department of Agriculture website, this page links to the full text of the Animal Welfare Act (which requires specific standards of treatment for animals used for commercial purposes or in research). This is a government website, and thus, the information is reliable.

MLA 8 Citation

“Animal Welfare Act.” U.S. Department of Agriculture, www.nal.usda.gov/awic/animal-welfare-act.

APA Citation

U.S. Department of Agriculture. (n.d.). Animal welfare act. Retrieved from https://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/animal-welfare-act

Pro/con animal testing articles

4. Pros and Cons of Animal Testing

Included in this article is a brief overview of the pros and cons of animal testing, two short animal experimentation videos, and an infographic about animal testing and cosmetics.

Want to use a pros and cons structure for your essay? Read How to Write a Pros and Cons Essay Like a Pro for helpful advice.

MLA 8 Citation

“Pros and Cons of Animal Testing.” Health Research Funding, 26 Feb. 2014. healthresearchfunding.org/pros-cons-animal-testing/.

APA Citation

Health Research Funding. (2014). Pros and cons of animal testing. Retrieved from http://healthresearchfunding.org/pros-cons-animal-testing/

5. Should Animals Be Used for Commercial or Scientific Testing?

This page offers a variety of pro and con quotes about animal testing from authors, doctors, professors, and other credible professionals.

MLA 8 Citation

“Should Animals Be Used for Scientific or Commercial Testing?” ProCon.org, 7 April 2017, animal-testing.procon.org/view.answers.php?questionID=001887.

APA Citation

Should animals be used for scientific or commercial testing? (n.d.). Retrieved from http://animal-testing.procon.org/view.answers.php?questionID=001887

6. Animal Testing Cons: What Every Person Should Know

As the title indicates, this article focuses on the negative aspects of animal testing, such as the cost, the lack of protection for animals, and the fact that some tests are, in the end, simply pointless.

This article is a blog post published by Udemy, “…a global marketplace for learning and teaching online.” Though the article provides valuable information, keep in mind that blog posts may not be appropriate for all research papers.

(Check with your prof, and read the assignment guidelines to make sure you’re allowed to cite blogs.)

MLA 8 Citation

Klazema, April. “Animal Testing Cons: What Every Person Should Know.” Udemy.com, 13 June 2014, blog.udemy.com/animal-testing-cons/.

APA Citation

Klazema, A. (2014, June 13). Animal testing cons: What every person should know [Blog post]. Retrieved from https://blog.udemy.com/animal-testing-cons/

Pro/con animal testing websites

When citing full websites in APA, keep in mind that APA doesn’t require an entry in your references list. The APA citations below put the websites into formatting for the reference list in case your prof requires you to do it this way.

If not, then follow APA guidelines on citing full websites if you’re citing an entire site or for individual web sources if citing a particular page or article from a website.

7. Speaking of Research

The website Speaking of Research was “founded in 2008 by Tom Holder and inspired by the British student movement ‘Pro-test'” (www.pro-test.org.uk).

The organization “…aims to change the tide of the controversial animal rights debate in the United States by encouraging students and scientists to speak out in favor of the lifesaving medical research developed with animals.”

MLA 8 Citation

Speaking of Research. speakingofresearch.com/.

APA Citation

Speaking of Research. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://speakingofresearch.com/

8. Understanding Animal Research

This website offers a variety of resources for journalists, scientists, schools, and policymakers. It also links to a number of news articles and other resources.

MLA 8 Citation

Understanding Animal Research. www.understandinganimalresearch.org.uk/.

  APA Citation

Understanding Animal Research. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.understandinganimalresearch.org.uk/

9. International Association Against Painful Experiments on Animals

Founded in 1969, this organization argues against all forms of animal testing.

MLA 8 Citation

International Association Against Painful Experiments on Animals. www.iaapea.com/.

APA Citation

International Association Against Painful Experiments on Animals. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.iaapea.com/

10. PETA

People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals is the self-proclaimed largest animal rights organization in the world and focuses on ending animal cruelty.

MLA 8 Citation

People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA). www.peta.org/.

APA Citation

People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA). (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.peta.org/

Animal testing news articles

11. How Animal Experiments Paved the Way for the CIA’s Torture Program

The author of this article, a neurologist and public health specialist, reveals that government torture of humans was directly inspired by similar animal testing. She also advocates for the government to stop its continued systematic experimentation on animals.

MLA 8 Citation

Akhtar, Aysha. “How Animal Experiments Paved the Way for the CIA’s Torture Program.” HuffPost, Oath Inc., 21 Jan. 2015, www.huffingtonpost.com/aysha-akhtar/how-animal-experiments-pa_b_6462706.html.

APA Citation

Akhtar, A. (2015). How animal experiments paved the way for the CIA’s torture program. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/aysha-akhtar/how-animal-experiments-pa_b_6462706.html

 12. New Law Gives Cats and Dogs in Research Labs a Second Chance At Life

Published by HuffPost, this article discusses a 2016 law that states, “All state-funded research labs must make dogs and cats used as test subjects available for adoption—as opposed to euthanizing them—when testing is complete.”

MLA 8 Citation

Hanson, Hillary. “New Law Gives Cats and Dogs in Research Labs A Second Chance At Life.” HuffPost, Oath Inc., 17 Aug. 2016, www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/law-dogs-cats-adoption-testing-beagle-freedom_us_57b4b2b4e4b0fd5a2f40d552.

APA Citation

Hanson, H. (2016). New law gives cats and dogs in research labs a second chance at life. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/law-dogs-cats-adoption-testing-beagle-freedom_us_57b4b2b4e4b0fd5a2f40d552

Stuck on Your Essay?

Check out thousands of example essays.

Yes! Show me examples.

13. U.S. Research Lab Lets Livestock Suffer in Quest for Profit

This lengthy New York Times article describes a variety of tests, surgeries, and other experiments a giant research lab is using in an attempt to re-engineer farm animals. While the animals are a potential benefit to both the farms and the consumer, the harm and pain inflicted on the animals are extreme.

MLA 8 Citation

Moss, Michael. “U.S. Research Lab Lets Livestock Suffer in Quest for Profit.” The New York Times, 19 Jan. 2015, www.nytimes.com/2015/01/20/dining/animal-welfare-at-risk-in-experiments-for-meat-industry.html?_r=1.

APA Citation

Moss, M. (2015, January 19). U.S. research lab lets livestock suffer in quest for profit. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/20/dining/animal-welfare-at-risk-in-experiments-for-meat-industry.html?_r=1

14. About Cosmetics Animal Testing

Posted by Humane Society International, this article includes an overview of the testing of cosmetics on animals, as well as links to activism sites.

MLA 8 Citation

“About Cosmetics Animal Testing.” Humane Society International, 6 March 2013, www.hsi.org/issues/becrueltyfree/facts/about_cosmetics _animal_testing.html.

APA Citation

About cosmetics animal testing. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.hsi.org /issues/becrueltyfree/facts/about_cosmetics_animal_testing.html

15. To Kill a Lab Rat

Many animals used in testing are euthanized after experiments by being forced to inhale carbon dioxide. Animals feel distress during this process, and this article reports that labs, because of the pain and discomfort felt by animals, are being asked to use anesthesia.

Many, however, question whether this practice will be effective as it too may cause some distress to animals.

This article highlights the controversy surrounding the topic of animal testing. If you’re completing your own research on the subject, take a look at How to Write Perfect Survey Questions for Your Paper.

MLA 8 Citation

Grens, Kerry. “To Kill a Lab Rat.” The Scientist, LabX Media Group, 4 Nov. 2014, www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/41378/title/To-Kill-a-Lab-Rat/.

APA Citation

Grens, K. (2014, November 4). To kill a lab rat. The Scientist. Retrieved from http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/41378/title/To-Kill-a-Lab-Rat/

16. “Shocking” Animal Rights Exposés by Newspapers Were Nothing of the Kind

This article argues that, while it’s clear that some animal abuse occurs during experimentation, some newspapers sensationalize the reports. It further argues that only a handful of abuse cases can be substantiated.

MLA 8 Citation

Fox, Fiona. “‘Shocking’ Animal Rights Exposés by Newspapers Were Nothing of the Kind.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media Limited, 7 Oct. 2014, www.theguardian.com/science/2014/oct/07/animal-rights-uk-newspapers-buav.

APA Citation

Fox, F. (2104, October 7). “Shocking” animal rights exposés by newspapers were nothing of the kind. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/oct/07/animal-rights-uk-newspapers-buav

17. Animal Experimentation Up 73%, Study Says

The animal rights organization PETA claims that the use of animals in federally funded labs has increased 75% in the past 15 years. The article also includes the opinion of the National Institute of Health, who argues that PETA has used the data inappropriately and, thus, dismisses the study.

This article is published by CBS News and is a credible news source.

MLA 8 Citation

Casey, Michael. “Animal Experimentation up 73 Percent, Study Says.” CBS News, CBS Interactive, 26 Feb. 2015, www.cbsnews.com/news/peta-study-finds-animal-testing-in-federal-labs-on-the-increase/.

APA Citation

Casey, M. (2015). Animal experimentation up 73 percent, study says. Retrieved from http://www.cbsnews.com/news/peta-study-finds-animal-testing-in-federal-labs-on-the-increase/

Stuck on Your Essay?

Check out thousands of example essays.

Yes! Show me examples.

18. Companies Are Making Human Skin in Labs to Curb Animal Testing of Products

Published by CNBC.com, this article explains that the cosmetics company L’Oreal is growing human skin (called EpiSkin) in labs. The lab-grown skin is used to test cosmetics and help reduce the number of animals used in testing.

MLA 8 Citation

Woods, Bob. “Companies Are Making Human Skin in Labs to Curb Animal Testing of Products.” CNBC.com, 28 May 2017, www.cnbc.com/2017/05/25/loreal-is-making-lab-produced-human-skin-to-curb-animal-testing.html.

APA Citation

Woods, B. (2017). Companies are making human skin in labs to curb animal testing of products. Retrieved from http://www.cnbc.com/2017/05/25/loreal-is-making-lab-produced-human-skin-to-curb-animal-testing.html

19. The Price of Killing Off Animal Testing

Published in Newsweek, this article reports that, if animal rights activists achieved their goal of ending all animal testing, many people would suffer. The president of the Foundation for Biomedical Research even claims it “…would be a death sentence for millions of people around the world.”

MLA 8 Citation

Ericson, John. “The Price of Killing Off Animal Testing.” Newsweek, 20 Feb. 2014, www.newsweek.com/2014/02/21/price-killing-animal-testing-245548.html.

APA Citation

Ericson, J. (2014, February 20). The price of killing off animal testing. Newsweek. Retrieved from http://www.newsweek.com/2014/02/21/price-killing-animal-testing-245548.html

20. The 6 Craziest Animal Experiments

Just as it sounds, this article provides a brief discussion of six strange and sometimes controversial animal experiments.

MLA 8 Citation

Wolchover, Natalie. “The 6 Craziest Animal Experiments.” LiveScience, TechMedia Network, 1 August 2011, www.livescience.com/33420-6-craziest-animal-experiments.html.

APA Citation

Wolchover, N. (2011). The 6 craziest animal experiments. Retrieved from http://www.livescience.com/33420-6-craziest-animal-experiments.html

Finalizing Your Research

It’s probably safe to say that, although this blog post contains 20 credible animal testing articles to support a persuasive essay, not all of the articles included here will work for your paper.

This, of course, means you’ll need to do more research.

Remember, finding good sources takes time, so don’t just use the first animal testing articles listed in your Google search. In fact, Google isn’t even the best way to complete your research (really!).

Google is a great start, but there are other places to find credible resources. Where, you ask? Read the 5 Best Sources to Help with Writing a Research Paper to find out!

Looking for even more help writing a persuasive essay? Read these posts:

• What Is a Persuasive Essay and How Can You Makes Yours Good?
• How to Create a Persuasive Essay Outline
• Persuasive Essay Writing Made Simple

Want to see what other students have written about the topic ? Check out these example essays about animal testing.

Need someone to review your finished paper? Have a Kibin editor help revise and edit!

While the topic continues to be debated, what’s not debatable is that you need to write an essay about global warming. (Yes, really, you do. Did you forget?)

So how do you even start writing an essay about global warming?

First, you’ll need to understand what type of essay you’re supposed to write.

• Do you have to write an argumentative essay in which you argue for one side of the topic?

• Do you need to write an expository essay in which you simply inform readers about some aspect of global warming?

• Are you supposed to write a problem/solution paper in which you explain a problem and its potential solutions?

Knowing what type of paper you need to write will shape the format, content, and of course, the type of sources you’ll need to support your claims. Not sure what type of paper you should be writing? Check your assignment guidelines!

Second, regardless of what type of paper you’re writing, you’ll need to choose credible sources.

Don’t choose blogs by some anonymous author. Don’t choose .com websites with sales pitches that only try to sell you something.

And don’t choose old, outdated articles written before you were born (unless you have a really good reason for using them, such as you’re using them in a historical discussion of the topic).

Remember: As you examine your sources, make sure they provide sufficient evidence to support your statements.

Third, start researching.

I know this step can be daunting, and right now you might be feeling a little unsure as to what kinds of sources to use for your paper. Don’t worry, I’m here to help.

Because you might be writing one of many types of papers about global warming, I can’t include a list of credible sources for every type of paper here, but I have included 12 global warming articles to help you get started on your next essay.

Along with a brief summary of each article, I’ve also included an MLA 8 and an APA citation to include on your Works Cited or References page, whichever is relevant.

(I haven’t included the date of access for the MLA citations. If your professor requires it, you’ll need to add the date you viewed the source.)

Remember, you’ll also need to cite each article with an in-text citation.

12 Global Warming Articles to Help Your Next Essay

Global warming article #1: Natural Resources Defense Council

Okay, so technically, this is an environmental action group website. The group’s mission is to protect the Earth. But the site’s information and articles focus on current environmental damage and how to help save and/or protect the planet.

The topic of global warming (sometimes called climate change) is pretty broad. So you might need to narrow your topic. This website touches on various global warming topics, including recycling, air quality, and sustainability.

You can use this website as inspiration to help you find a narrowed topic if you feel global warming is too broad for your paper.

Check out these sample essays to help generate ideas:

• The Importance of Recycling Plastic to Preserve Our Environment
• An Analysis of the Improvement of Air Quality in the United States
• Benefits of Sustainability for Businesses, Individuals and the Environment

MLA 8 Citation 

National Resources Defense Council. NRDC, www.nrdc.org.

APA Citation* 

National Resources Defense Council. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.nrdc.org

*Note: APA does not require a citation when citing the full website. If your instructor requires a Reference List entry, you could use the format above.

Global warming article #2: A Brief History of Climate Change

This article provides a historical timeline of global warming research and political action dating as far back as 1712.

It provides an overview of global warming and would be an excellent resource for background information or for added information regarding the political connection to climate change.

Looking for a good angle? Try reading this sample essay to generate some ideas: An Examination of the Literature on Environmental Politics.

MLA 8 Citation

“A Brief History of Climate Change.” BBC News, 20 Sep. 2013, www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-15874560.

APA Citation

“A brief history of climate change.” (2013, September 20). BBC News. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-15874560

Global warming article #3: A Sensitive Matter

This is an in-depth article that discusses the link between greenhouse gas emissions and rising temperatures. Though emissions have continued to rise, temperatures have not risen as much as expected.

This article is published in The Economist, a trusted print and online source.

For an idea of how an essay on this topic might look, read this sample essay: The Greenhouse Effect and the Global Warming as the Causes for the Rise of Temperature.

MLA 8 Citation

“A Sensitive Matter.” The Economist, 30 Mar. 2013, www.economist.com/news/science-and-technology/21574461-climate-may-be-heating-up-less-response-greenhouse-gas-emissions.

APA Citation

“A sensitive matter.” (2013, March 30). The Economist. Retrieved from http://www.economist.com/news/science-and-technology/21574461-climate-may-be-heating-up-less-response-greenhouse-gas-emissions

Global warming article #4: Climate Change: The Case of the Missing Heat

Published in Nature (an international weekly journal of science), this article discusses a stall in global warming and examines scientific theories as to what effects oceans, trade winds, and emissions may have on global warming.

Scientists believe that, if their theories are correct, temperatures will spike once again.

Need a starting off point to explore how oceans and trade winds affect the climate? Read this sample essay: An Analysis of the Characteristics of El Nino, a Weather Phenomenon.

MLA 8 Citation

Tollefson, Jeff. “Climate Change: The Case of the Missing Heat.” Nature, Macmillan Publishers Limited, 15 Jan. 2014, www.nature.com/news/climate-change-the-case-of-the-missing-heat-1.14525.

APA Citation

Tollefson, J. (2014, January 15).“Climate change: The case of the missing heat.” Nature, 505, 276–278. doi:10.1038/505276a

Global warming article #5: Global Warming Prediction for Next 200 Years

Published in conjunction with ABC News, this story printed by Yahoo summarizes a study published in Nature Communications. The study indicates that the pace of climate change is “highly unusual” and could result in a climate warmer than it has been in the past 420 million years.

For some inspiration on how temperature increases might work as a topic for your essay, check out this example essay: The Growing Concerns Over the Rapid Rate of Global Warming Today.

MLA 8 Citation

Goenka, Himanshu, and Dana Royer. “Global Warming Prediction For Next 200 Years.” Yahoo, 5 Apr. 2017, gma.yahoo.com/global-warming-prediction-next-200-093916939.html.

APA Citation

Goenka, H., & Royer, D. (2017, April 5). Global warming prediction for next 200 years. Yahoo. Retrieved from http://gma.yahoo.com/global-warming-prediction-next-200-093916939.html

Global warming article #6: Al Gore Explains Why He’s Optimistic About Stopping Global Warming

This source is an interview transcript with Al Gore (Vice President of the United States from 1993–2001). Although many still deny the existence of global warming, Gore believes that, because conversations continue, advancements will continue, and eventually “national laws will evolve into global cooperation.”

If you’re looking for more information about Al Gore’s opinions on global warming, read this sample essay: An Analysis of the Global Warming Threat by Al Gore in the Film Inconvenient Truth.

MLA 8 Citation

Klein, Ezra. “Al Gore Explains Why He’s Optimistic about Stopping Global Warming.” The Washington Post, 21 Aug. 2013, www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2013/08/21/al-gore-explains-why-hes-optimistic-about-stopping-global-warming/?utm_term=.490976a3d77b.

APA Citation

Klein, E. (2013, August 21). Al Gore explains why he’s optimistic about stopping global warming. The Washington Post. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2013/08/21/al-gore-explains-why-hes-optimistic-about-stopping-global-warming/?utm_term=.490976a3d77b

Global warming article #7: NASA, NOAA Data Show 2016 Warmest Year on Record Globally

The content of this article can be summed up in its opening sentence: “Earth’s 2016 surface temperatures were the warmest since modern recordkeeping began in 1880, according to independent analyses by NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).”

Published by NASA and NOAA, this article easily passes the CRAAP test and can be considered credible.

Need some insight on writing an essay about the surface temperature of Earth? Read this sample essay: An Examination of Increasement of Earth’s Surface Temperature.

MLA 8 Citation

“NASA, NOAA Data Show 2016 Warmest Year on Record Globally.” NASA, 18 Jan. 2017, www.giss.nasa.gov/research/news/20170118/.

APA Citation

NASA, NOAA data show 2016 warmest year on record globally. (2017, January 18). NASA. Retrieved from http://www.giss.nasa.gov/research/ news/20170118/

Global warming article #8: Global Warming Solutions

Published by National Geographic, this article asserts that, in order to slow global warming, the world needs to stop emitting greenhouse gasses. Greenhouse gasses can be reduced by improving fuel economy in vehicles with parts like this Cummins Holset turbocharger  and relying more on alternative energy sources.

This article also links to additional global warming articles published by NatGeo.

Want to see how another student tackled the topic of solutions to global warming? Check out this sample essay: An Analysis of the Possible Solutions to Global Warming.

MLA 8 Citation

“Global Warming Solutions.” National Geographic, 8 Apr. 2017, www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/global-warming-solutions/.

APA Citation

Global warming solutions. (2017, April 8). National Geographic. Retrieved from http://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/global-warming-solutions/

Global warming article #9: Climate Change Is a Problem. But Our Attempts to Fix It Could Be Worse Than Useless

The Telegraph (a UK newspaper and website) argues that global warming is a real concern. However, media often misrepresents the truth about global warming for shock value.

This article emphasizes the need to carefully and realistically examine global warming in order to fix it. The article states that focusing on cutting emissions has not worked and “climate economics” should be examined in order to find more effective solutions.

Want to learn a little more about climate economics? Read this sample essay: A Review of the Economics of the Clean Air Act.

MLA 8 Citation

Lomborg, Bjorn. “Climate Change Is a Problem. But Our Attempts to Fix It Could Be Worse Than Useless.” The Telegraph, 3 Nov. 2014, www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/environment/climatechange/ 11205420/Climate-change-is-a-problem.-But-our-attempts-to-fix-it-could-be-worse-than-useless.html.

APA Citation

Lomborg, B. (2014, November 3). Climate change is a problem. But our attempts to fix it could be worse than useless. The Telegraph. Retrieved from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/environment/climatechange/ 11205420/Climate-change-is-a-problem.-But-our-attempts-to-fix-it-could-be-worse-than-useless.html

Global warming article #10: Trump’s Domestic War on Climate Action Has Propelled States into Battle

Originally published on Fusion’s Project Earth vertical (and reposted by Newsweek), this article highlights the fact that the Trump administration is repealing many Obama-era environmental regulations.  However, states such as New York and California are pushing back by maintaining their own high standards of climate action plans.

Want to explore Trump’s views on climate change? This sample essay about his pre-election positions on environment-related topics is a good primer: Donald Trump’s Campaign and His Disregard Towards the Environment.

MLA 8 Citation

Harvey, Chelsea. “Trump’s Domestic War on Climate Action Has Propelled States into Battle.” Project Earth, Fusion, 7 Apr. 2017, projectearth.us/trumps- domestic-war-on-climate-action-has-propelled-sta-1796423123.

APA Citation

Harvey, C. (2017, April 7). Trump’s domestic war on climate action has propelled states into battle. Project Earth. Retrieved from http://projectearth.us/ trumps-domestic-war-on-climate-action-has-propelled-sta-1796423123

Global warming article #11: Tropical Lowland Frogs at Greater Risk From Climate Warming Than High-Elevation Species, Study Shows

This article focuses on how global warming affects one specific species of frogs.

The article (originally published in the Ecology and Evolution journal) explains that Peruvian frogs living at lower elevations are at greatest risk of climate change because “…the lowland creatures already live near the maximum temperatures they can tolerate.”

Not into frogs but want to discuss how global warming affects another animal? Get inspired by this sample essay: The Effects of Human Intervention on Climate Change and Disturbance of Animals.

MLA 8 Citation

University of Michigan. “Tropical Lowland Frogs at Greater Risk From Climate Warming Than High-Elevation Species, Study Shows.” ScienceDaily, 7 Apr. 2017, www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/04/170407103546.htm.

APA Citation

University of Michigan. (2017, April 7). Tropical lowland frogs at greater risk from climate warming than high-elevation species, study shows. ScienceDaily. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/ 2017/04/170407103546.htm

Global warming article #12: Americans Finally Realize That We Cause Climate Change

Published by The Huffington Post, this article highlights a study that reports 65% of Americans now believe that climate change is caused by human activity. Gallup pollsters believe the recent years of unseasonably warm weather have likely affected people’s opinions.

For some extra ideas on how this could fit into a larger essay, check out this sample essay: Humans’ Responsibility for the Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming.

MLA 8 Citation

Visser, Nick. “Americans Finally Realize That We Cause Climate Change.” The Huffington Post, 18 Mar. 2016, www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/climate-change-caused-by-humans-poll_us_56ec27f9e4b09bf44a9d164c.

APA Citation

Visser, N. (2016, March 18). Americans finally realize that we cause climate change. The Huffington Post. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/climate-change-caused-by-humans-poll_us_56ec27f9e4b09bf44a9d164c

Writing the Essay

Of course, these global warming articles aren’t the only available sources you might use in your paper. This post simply provides a select few articles to give you an idea of what types of sources you might use.

Looking for more information about global warming? Take a look at this list of articles about global warming compiled by Kings College.

Need even more help locating credible sources on global warming? Read 5 Best Resources to Help With Writing a Research Paper.

If you need assistance in putting it all together, check out these helpful articles about writing a research essay:

• How to Write a Research Paper: A Step-by-Step Guide
• How to Craft a Research Paper Outline

Need inspiration? Check out these example essays on global warming.

After you’ve finished writing, don’t forget to have our editors review your paper!

Good luck!

The subject of police brutality isn’t exclusive to criminal justice courses. You might write about the topic in a number of classes, including history, psychology, sociology, and of course, English.

Your paper doesn’t have to be a standard argument essay, either. You might write various types of papers, including a compare and contrast essay, a problem-solution essay, or an opinion essay.

Whatever type of paper you’re writing, here are 12 articles to get you started with the research for a police brutality essay.

12 Articles to Support Your Police Brutality Essay

I’ve divided the articles in this list into the following three categories based on subtopics related to police brutality:

• Law enforcement perspective
• Historical perspective
• Psychological perspective

I’ve also included an MLA citation and APA citation to help you cite the articles in case you decide to cite any of them in your own police brutality essay. (Just remember to change any “Retrieved” dates in APA citations to the date you actually read the article online.)

Police brutality articles: Law enforcement perspective

Article #1: Being A Cop Showed Me Just How Racist and Violent The Police Are. There’s Only One Fix.

In this article, writer Redditt Hudson, a former police officer, explains how the danger, stress, and sometimes already-present institutional racism within a police force can perpetuate racism and make officers calloused. He argues that the only way to stop such racism and brutality is to enforce stricter punishments of officers.

Hudson now works for the NAACP and chairs the board of the Ethics Project. This article was published in a respected news source, The Washington Post.

MLA 8 Citation

Hudson, Redditt. “Being a Cop Showed Me Just How Racist and Violent the Police Are. There’s Only One Fix.” The Washington Post, 6 Dec. 2014, www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2014/12/06/i-was-a-st-louis-cop-my-peers-were-racist-and-violent-and-theres-only-one-fix/?utm_term=.d14ddebd459d.

APA Citation

Redditt, H. (2014, December 6). Being a cop showed me just how racist and violent the police are. There’s only one fix. The Washington Post. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/ 2014/12/06/i-was-a-st-louis-cop-my-peers-were-racist-and-violent-and-theres-only-one-fix/?utm_term=.d14ddebd459d

Article #2: Police Brutality: A Statistical Perspective

Published by Harvard Political Review, this article compares the reality of police brutality to the perceptions of police brutality. The writer discusses the importance of data and how it is used in analysis. The author also acknowledges that data alone cannot explain brutality.

This article easily passes the CRAAP Test because it is timely, written by a respected source, and contains current, unbiased content.

MLA 8 Citation

Suresh, Anirudh. “Police Brutality: A Statistical Perspective.” Harvard Political Review, 4 Mar. 2017, harvardpolitics.com/online/statistical-police-investigation-viewing-police-brutality-data-driven-lens/.

APA Citation

Suresh, A. (2017, March 4). Police brutality: A statistical perspective. Harvard Political Review. Retrieved from http://www.harvardpolitics.com/online/ statistical-police-investigation-viewing-police-brutality-data-driven-lens/

Article #3: Excessive or Reasonable Force by Police? Research on Law Enforcement and Racial Conflict

This article examines the issue of excessive force by officers and includes a discussion of minority communities’ views of police and the importance of officer training. The article also reviews the media’s role in highlighting (and often distorting) individual cases.

Journalist’s Resource, part of Harvard’s Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy, publishes timely, peer-reviewed articles.

MLA 8 Citation

Wihbey, John, and Walter Kille Leighton. “Excessive or Reasonable Force by Police? Research on Law Enforcement and Racial Conflict.” Journalist’s Resource, Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy, journalistsresource.org/studies/government/criminal-justice/police-reasonable-force-brutality-race-research-review-statistics.

APA Citation

Wihbey, J, & Leighton, W. K. (n.d.). Excessive or reasonable force by police? Research on law enforcement and racial conflict. Retrieved September 13, 2017, from https://journalistsresource.org/studies/government/criminal-justice/police-reasonable-force-brutality-race-research-review-statistics

Article #4: What the Cops Say

The writer of this article summarizes interviews with six police officers in the United States. The writer notes the following:

• Police feel the media often treats them unfairly by over-publicizing negative actions and minimizing the good that officers do.
• Police believe many people underestimate the stress of their jobs and the fact that they often face threats to their lives while on the job.
• Police feel many people have unreasonable expectations of them as officers cannot solve social problems.

The writer also discusses potential solutions to the problem of stigma against police, such as community policing and changing police assessment procedures.

This article can be considered credible. It is published by The Economist, an established news source in publication since September 1843.

MLA 8 Citation

D.K. “What the Cops Say.” The Economist, 27 Apr. 2015, www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2015/04/policing-america.

APA Citation

D.K. (2015, April 27). What the cops say [Blog post]. Retrieved from http://www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2015/04/policing-america

Police brutality articles: Historical perspective

Article #5: The History of Police Brutality

This article examines racism and prejudice of the 1800s and police brutality from the mid-1900s to today.

It touches on a few key cases and the Cause of Action, which is a “…code [that] gave more power to the Justice Department with filing suits against police departments that engaged in a pattern or practice of unconstitutional conduct.”

MLA 8 Citation

Cosgrove, Abigail Louise. “The History of Police Brutality.” It’s a Mad World, Penn State Sites, 12 Feb. 2015, sites.psu.edu/violenceinamerica/2015/ 02/12/the-history-of-police-brutality/.

APA Citation

Cosgrove, A. L. (2015, February 12). The history of police brutality [Blog]. Retrieved from https://sites.psu.edu/violenceinamerica/2015/02/12/the-history-of-police-brutality/

Article #6: Police Violence Timeline

This timeline is posted by Peoples’ Justice for Community Control and Police Accountability, which is “a New York City coalition of grassroots organizations working in Black, Latino/a and Asian communities.”

The timeline begins in 1845 with the founding of the NYPD and ends in 2014 with Eric Garner’s death. (He was choked to death by an NYPD officer.) The timeline includes a number of brief descriptions of important concerns regarding the NYPD and police brutality.

MLA 8 Citation

“Police Violence Timeline.” Peoples’ Justice for Community Control and Police Accountability, peoplesjustice.org/police-violence/timeline.

APA Citation

Police violence timeline. (n.d.). Retrieved September 13, 2017, from http://www.peoplesjustice.org/police-violence/timeline

Article #7: Police Violence Has Been Going On Forever. No Wonder People Are Fed Up With It.

Published by the well-respected Huffington Post, this article details a number of examples of police brutality in recent decades. The article also includes videos and a link to a more in-depth discussion of the killing of Michael Brown.

MLA 8 Citation

Bach, Natasha. “Police Violence Has Been Going On Forever. No Wonder People Are Fed Up With It.” The Huffington Post, 23 Aug. 2014, www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/08/23/police-brutality-michael-brown_n_5700970.html.

APA Citation

Bach, N. (2014, August 23). Police violence has been going on forever. No wonder people are fed up with it. The Huffington Post. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/08/23/police-brutality-michael-brown_n_5700970.html

Article #8: Long History of Police Brutality

This article examines police brutality across decades. The article includes a discussion of key events, such as the Watts Riots, the Black Panther movement, and the L.A. Riots. A number of related videos are also embedded in the article.

MLA 8 Citation

MuniCourts. “Long History of Police Brutality.” Court.rchp.com, 17 Nov. 2015, court.rchp.com/long-history-of-police-brutality/.

APA Citation

MuniCourts. (2015). Long history of police brutality. Retrieved September 13, 2017, from http://www.court.rchp.com/long-history-of-police-brutality/

Police brutality articles: Psychological perspective

Article #9: The Cop Mind

Published by The New York Times, this op-ed argues that, although police must be held accountable for their actions, the public must also realize the emotional and psychological difficulties officers face on a daily basis.

MLA 8 Citation

Brooks, David. “The Cop Mind.” The New York Times, 8 Dec. 2014, www.nytimes.com/2014/12/09/opinion/the-cop-mind.html?_r=0.

APA Citation

Brooks, D. (2014, December 8). The cop mind. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/09/opinion/the-cop-mind.html?_r=0

Article #10: A Psychological Perspective on Police Violence

The writer of this article references Dr. Moscowitz, a social psychologist, who asserts that it is fear, rather than overt racism, that causes police to act as they do.

Moscowitz states that individuals evaluate potential threats within 200 milliseconds. Further, he argues it is within this “split second [that] one would have to decide whether one should shoot or hold fire.”

This source can be considered credible because it is an academic source published by Lehigh University.

MLA 8 Citation

Stralo, Lauren. “A Psychological Perspective on Police Violence.” Lehigh University, 11 Dec. 2014, www1.lehigh.edu/news/psychological-perspective-police-violence.

APA Citation

Stralo, L. (2014). A psychological perspective on police violence.” Retrieved from https://www1.lehigh.edu/news/psychological-perspective-police-violence

Article #11: Inside the Mind of an Angry Cop

This article, published in GQ, is an interview with police psychologist David J. Thomas. One of the key takeaways in this interview is that police departments do not provide sufficient psychological testing or support for officers.

MLA 8 Citation

Ramsey, Donovan X. “Inside the Mind of an Angry Cop.” GQ, 8 June 2015, www.gq.com/story/police-psychologist-qa-texas-pool-party.

APA Citation

Ramsey, D. X. (2015, June 8). Inside the mind of an angry cop. GQ. http://www.gq.com/story/police-psychologist-qa-texas-pool-party

Article #12: When Cops Kill: The Psychology of Deadly-Force Encounters

The writer of this article, Dr. Laurence Miller, explains that many people wrongly assume that deadly force means the officer has reacted with excessive force. Miller examines a variety of police scenarios to explain how and why officers react to specific situations.

He argues that “it is unfair and unproductive for citizens to assume that all adverse outcomes of police-citizen encounters automatically signal callousness or maliciousness on the part of the officers involved.”

This article is published in PoliceOne, “the most comprehensive and trusted online destination for law enforcement agencies and police departments worldwide.”

MLA 8 Citation

Miller, Laurence. “When Cops Kill: The Psychology of Deadly-Force Encounters.” PoliceOne, 12 Jan. 2015, www.policeone.com/health-fitness/articles/8104031-When-cops-kill-The-psychology-of-deadly-force-encounters/.

APA Citation

Miller, L. (2015, January 12). When cops kill: The psychology of deadly-force encounters. PoliceOne. Retrieved from http://www.policeone.com/health-fitness/articles/8104031-When-cops-kill-The-psychology-of-deadly-force-encounters/

Assignment Complete

Even though you’ve reached the end of this list of resources, you may still need to complete additional research for your police brutality essay. Need a little help with research? Read 5 Best Resources to Help With Writing a Research Paper.

For help to put it all together, check out How to Write a Research Paper: A Step-by-Step Guide.

If you’re still not sure what your finished paper will look like, read a few example essays.

When you’re paper is drafted and (almost) ready to turn in, let our editors help put the finishing touches on your police brutality essay.

The core, or the “guts,” of your essay should come from your own thoughts and views on the issue. To really make an impact, though, you should support your arguments with citations from credible outside sources.

What Makes a Source Credible?

Good question. Credibility (aka “believability”) can come from one of several factors:

• The source is a person or organization that is an authority on the issue. For our purposes, this could be school administrators, educators, psychologists, and so forth.

• The source is an established commentator. This could be a well-known opinion columnist, for example, or a newspaper byline. Such sources don’t have to be experts in a related field so much as having established authority and objectivity in the past.

• The source is someone with direct experience with the issue. This could easily be, for example, someone who has experienced cyber bullying first hand. (Check with your prof on this one, though. He might not accept an interview with your roommate as a credible research source. Your prof is more likely to prefer you summarize someone’s experiences as printed in an already published source.)

• The source is a person or organization that will be directly involved in this issue, now or in the future—for example, law enforcement or legislators.

Still not sure what I mean?  Let me give you some examples of what is not a credible source:

• Random Internet bloggers.
• People with obvious political biases or agendas (even if they’re major media figures).
• People with ulterior motives (thus lacking objectivity).
• Anyone who does not have a demonstrated authority to make credible statements.

Note: It’s acceptable to use non-authoritative sources that are highly persuasive, but it’s sort of like starting a campfire with gasoline. It might work, but it might blow up in your face.

Want a little more help determining whether sources are credible? Read How to Apply the CRAAP Test to Essay Sources.

If you have a pretty good sense of what makes a source credible but aren’t sure where to find credible outside sources, I’ve done a little bit of research for you. Here are 12 cyber bullying articles that you can use in your persuasive essay.

Check out these 12 cyber bullying articles that you can use in your persuasive essay.
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I’ve also included MLA 8 citations and APA citations for your convenience. (If you’re citing in APA format, remember to change the current date of access to the date you accessed the source, if relevant.)

3 Cyber Bullying Articles on the Definition of Cyber Bullying

So what the heck is cyber bullying? Is it being mean to computers? The following sources are important for establishing your definition of this phenomenon.

Cyber bullying article #1: Cyberbullying

This article not only contains a definition of cyber bullying, but also includes a discussion of its effects, signs of cyber bullying, and tips for parents to help their children who may be suffering from cyber bullying. Additionally, the article links to additional resources for parents, children, and teens.

The information in this article is published by The Nemours Center for Children’s Health Media. It’s part of The Nemours Foundation, “a nonprofit organization created by philanthropist Alfred I. duPont in 1936 and devoted to improving the health of children.”

MLA 8 Citation

“Cyberbullying.” KidsHealth. The Nemours Foundation, 2014, kidshealth.org/en/parents/cyberbullying.html.

APA Citation

Cyberbullying. (2014). Retrieved from http://kidshealth.org/en/parents /cyberbullying.html

Stuck On Your Essay?

Check Out These Example Cyber Bullying Essays

Yes! Show Me Examples.

Cyber bullying article #2: What Is Cyberbullying?

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services provides a concise definition of the term: “Cyberbullying is bullying that takes place using electronic technology.”

It goes on to explain exactly what is meant by “electronic technology,” as well as gives a very good overview of the issue, including ideas for action. Much of the government’s concern is that bullying, in general, often involves illegal or criminal behavior. So definitions of such behavior are very important.

MLA 8 Citation

“What Is Cyberbullying.” StopBullying.gov. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, www.stopbullying.gov/cyberbullying/what-is-it/.

APA Citation

What is cyberbullying. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.stopbullying.gov /cyberbullying/what-is-it/

Cyber bullying article #3: What Is Cyberbullying?

This article, published by the National Crime Prevention Council, defines cyber bullying, discusses the effects of cyber bullying, and offers resources for parents and teens.

MLA 8 Citation

“What Is Cyberbullying?” National Crime Prevention Council, www.ncpc.org/topics/cyberbullying/what-is-cyberbullying.

APA Citation

What is cyberbullying? (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.ncpc.org/topics /cyberbullying/what-is-cyberbullying

3 Cyber Bullying Articles on Why People Cyber Bully

The reason it’s so important to understand the causes of cyber bullying in writing your persuasive essay is that you will need to decide whether to recommend treating its causes or its effects.

For instance, do you recommend counseling for potential bullies or for their eventual victims? Do you recommend social sanctions or punishment? The following articles will help you answer these questions.

Cyber bullying article #4: 8 Reasons Why Kids Cyberbully Others

The author, Sherri Gordon, gives a succinct list of reasons that cyber bullying takes place. Most noticeable is that the person who bullies others is trying to fit in.

Ever since our caveman days, bullying has reinforced one’s sense of “belonging” by ganging up on “outsiders.” And “belonging” is something that teenagers, in particular, desperately want.

Gordon also mentions a lack of empathy on the part of many cyber bullies. Empathy is something that, in general, develops relatively late in adolescents.

MLA 8 Citation

Gordon, Sherri. “8 Factors That Motivate Cyberbullies to Lash Out at Others.” Verywell, 30 Dec. 2016, www.verywell.com/reasons-why-kids-cyberbully-others-460553.

APA Citation

Gordon, S. (2016). 8 factors that motivate cyberbullies to lash out at others. Retrieved from https://www.verywell.com/reasons-why-kids-cyberbully-others-460553

Cyber bullying article #5: Why Do People Cyberbully?

DeleteCyberbullying.org is a website that describes itself as “A Stop Online Harassment Project.” It’s devoted to finding both the origins of and the cure for cyber bullying.

In addition to mentioning some of the same causes of the problem as Gordon, above, the website mentions the anonymity of the Internet as a causal factor. Tied in with anonymity is the lack of any threat of retaliation, which encourages many cyber bullies—underlining the fact that bullying is a cowardly act.

MLA 8 Citation

“Why Do People Cyberbully?” DeleteCyberbullying.org, www.deletecyberbullying.org/why-do-people-cyberbully/.

APA Citation

Why do people cyberbully? (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.deletecyberbullying.org/why-do-people-cyberbully/

Cyber bullying article #6: Why Do Kids Cyberbully Each Other?

This brief article examines the reasons kids cyber bully, such as anger, revenge, boredom, or frustration.

The STOP Cyberbullying website also links to a variety of additional articles that provide advice for dealing with bullies and advice on how to take a stand against cyber bullying.

MLA 8 Citation

“STOP Cyberbullying: Why Do Kids Cyberbully Each Other?” StopCyberbulling.org, WiredSafety.org, www.stopcyberbullying.org /why_do_kids_cyberbully_each_other.html.

APA Citation

STOP cyberbullying: Why do kids cyberbully each other? (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.stopcyberbullying.org/why_do_kids_cyberbully_each_other.html

3 Cyber Bullying Articles on Treatments for Cyber Bullying

All of the following articles point out that, when recommending treatment for cyber bullying, it’s once again a matter of definition: what kind of treatment, and for whom?

Should the treatment focus on prevention or on dealing with the damage? In your persuasive essay, you’ll need to decide on your stance on these issues.

Cyber bullying article #7: Cyberbullying “Causes Suicidal Thoughts in Kids More Than Traditional Bullying”

David McNamee, a frequent contributor to Medical News Today, calls attention to one frightening aspect of cyber bullying: its victims are highly prone to having suicidal thoughts.

He quotes a study done in the Netherlands. The authors of the study speculated that the increased power of cyber bullying to make its victims suicidal was due to the widespread nature of the Internet.

Unlike traditional face-to-face bullying, cyber bullying material can be stored on a variety of online media, causing the victim to relive the experience again and again. This suggests that any treatment of cyber bullying should include monitoring the significant risk it creates of suicidal thoughts and actions in victims.

MLA 8 Citation

McNamee, Dave. “Cyberbullying ‘Causes Suicidal Thoughts in Kids More than Traditional Bullying.’” Medical News Today, MediLexicon International, 11 Mar. 2014, www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/273788.php.

APA Citation

McNamee, D. (2014, March 11). Cyberbullying “causes suicidal thoughts in kids more than traditional bullying.” Medical News Today. Retrieved from http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/273788.php

Cyber bullying article #8: Bullying and Cyberbullying: History, Statistics, Law, Prevention and Analysis

Bullying has been in existence for many years, and this journal article examines the history of the problem and how bullying expanded to include cyber bullying as technologies changed. It also includes suggestions for preventing cyber bullying.

MLA 8 Citation

Donegan, Richard. “Bullying and Cyberbullying: History, Statistics, Law, Prevention and Analysis.” The Elon Journal of Undergraduate Research in Communications, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 33–42. www.elon.edu/docs/e-web/academics/communications/research/vol3no1/ 04doneganejspring12.pdf.

APA Citation

Donegan, R. (2012). Bullying and cyberbullying: History, statistics, law, prevention and analysis. The Elon Journal of Undergraduate Research in Communications, 3(1), 33-42. Retrieved from https://www.elon.edu/docs/ e-web/academics/communications/research/vol3no1/ 04doneganejspring12.pdf

Stuck On Your Essay?

Check Out These Example Cyber Bullying Essays

Yes! Show Me Examples.

Cyber bullying article #9: Social Media Cyber Bullying Linked to Teen Depression

This article is published by Scientific American, “the longest continuously published magazine in the U.S.” It highlights the fact that both those who cyberbully and those who are cyberbullied often experience higher rates of depression.

The article reviews several studies and stresses that these studies alone cannot prove that cyber bullying causes depression. It does, however, suggest that teens who suffer from depression are more likely to become victims of bullying than those who are not depressed.

MLA 8 Citation

Pappas, Stephanie. “Social Media Cyber Bullying Linked to Teen Depression.” Scientific American, 23 June 2015, www.scientificamerican.com/article /social-media-cyber-bullying-linked-to-teen-depression/.

APA Citation

Pappas, S. (2015, June 23). Social media cyber bullying linked to teen depression. Scientific American. Retrieved from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/social-media-cyber-bullying-linked-to-teen-depression/

3 Cyber Bullying Articles on the Prevention of Cyber Bullying

Can we stop cyber bullying from happening in the first place? The following articles are helpful for defining a call to action. What should readers do about cyber bullying? How can they prevent it from happening?

Cyber bullying article #10: Cyberbullying: Intervention and Prevention Strategies

The authors of this article, Ted Feinberg and Nicole Robey, recommend a number of strategies to reduce the incidence and, particularly, the recurrence of cyber bullying.

For victims and parents of victims, the authors recommend recording the offending material, enlisting the help of authorities, contacting the attacker directly, and importantly, having an open environment in the home regarding computer and Internet use.

For educators, the authors recommend that a threat assessment be done and that anti-cyber bullying education be made a regular part of the curriculum.

MLA Citation

Feinberg, Ted, and Nicole Robey. “Cyberbullying: Intervention and Prevention Strategies” (Handout no. S4H15-1). Helping Children at Home and School III – Handouts for Families and Educators, edited by Andrea Canter et al., National Association of School Psychologists. Semantic Scholar, Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence, pdfs.semanticscholar.org/d27d /47c9add136150ec0f96edcf08ade223e3d2b.pdf.

APA Citation

Feinbert, T., & Robey, N. (n.d.). Cyberbullying: Intervention and prevention strategies (Handout no. S4H15-1). In A. Canter, L. Paige, & S. Shaw, Helping Children at Home and School III – Handouts for Families and Educators. Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org /d27d/47c9add136150ec0f96edcf08ade223e3d2b.pdf

Cyber bullying article #11: Bullying and Cyberbullying Prevention Strategies and Resources

The Anti-Defamation League (ADL) is a famous and long-established organization that originally combated anti-Semitism. It has since expanded its reach to include opposing all forms of discrimination and defamation.

This website presents a collection of useful articles, many of which focus on preventative actions, such as Bullying Prevention and Intervention Tips for Schools and What Can be Done About Name-Calling and Bullying.

While many of these resources are aimed at preventing “traditional” bullying, the advice can be applied to cyber bullying as well. Below are citations for both the list of sources on the URL as a whole and an example with one of the articles available there.

MLA Citation (URL with list of resources)

“Bullying and Cyberbullying Prevention Strategies and Resources.” Anti-Defamation League, www.adl.org/education-outreach/bullying-cyberbullying/c/strategies-and-resources.html.

APA Citation (URL with list of resources)

Bullying and cyberbullying prevention strategies and resources. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.adl.org/education-outreach/bullying-cyberbullying/c/strategies-and-resources.html

MLA Citation (example PDF resource)

“Bullying Prevention and Intervention Tips for Schools.” Anti-Defamation League, www.adl.org/sites/default/files/documents/assets/pdf/education-outreach/Bullying-Prevention-and-Intervention-Tips-for-Schools-Institutions.pdf.

APA Citation (example PDF resource)

Bullying prevention and intervention tips for schools. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.adl.org/sites/default/files/documents/assets/pdf/education-outreach/Bullying-Prevention-and-Intervention-Tips-for-Schools-Institutions.pdf

Cyber bullying article #12: Cyberbullying: Resources for Intervention and Prevention

Published in the Universal Journal of Education Research, this article discusses cyber bullying and ways to combat it. It also includes an overview of prevention and intervention programs and the role schools play in preventing cyber bullying.

MLA Citation

Notar, Charles E., et al. “Cyberbullying: Resources for Intervention and Prevention.” Universal Journal of Educational Research, vol. 1, no. 3, 2013, pp. 133–45. ERIC Institute of Education Sciences, doi:10.13189/ujer.2013.010301.

APA Citation

Notar, C. E., Padgett, S., & Roden, J. (2013). Cyberbullying: Resources for intervention and prevention. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 1(3), 133-145. doi:10.13189/ujer.2013.010301

Putting It All Together

I’ve barely scratched the surface here. My goal was to give you a starting point for your own research. There are about 43 gazillion articles and websites out there on this topic. So I strongly suggest you make your search terms as specific as possible.

Once you dive in, remember that persuasive essays recommend action(s), and that to do so, you need to take into account, as well as point out, three things:

1. What is the cost—in terms of money, effort, and time?
2. Is it worth the effort? Will it solve or at least mitigate the problem, to an extent that justifies those costs?
3. What about opportunity cost—the fact that, whatever we do, we could have been doing something else potentially useful instead (should resources spent combating cyber bullying be used elsewhere)?

If you need more help getting your arms around writing your persuasive essay, I recommend reading How to Create a Persuasive Essay Outline and checking out Persuasive Essay Writing Made Simple (Infographic).

If you need a little more help with finding resources, check out 5 Best Resources to Help with Writing a Research Paper.

Looking at these cyber bullying articles but need to write something other than a persuasive essay? Here are a few examples of other types of papers about the topic:

• Cause and effect essay: The Social Problem and Consequences of Cyberbullying
• Personal experience essay: Cyberbullying and My Experience with Bullying
• Problem/solution essay: A Study on Cyberbullying: The Role of Social Media Sites, Effects, Solutions, and Treatments

Looking for even more help? Why not send your paper to a Kibin editor for a little revision expertise?

Good luck!

Stuck On Your Essay?

Check Out These Example Cyber Bullying Essays

Yes! Show Me Examples.

Some topics lend themselves to fun assignments. Other topics, like terrorism, usually do not.

If you’re writing about terrorism, chances are your paper will be a traditional argument essay or compare and contrast essay. It will likely take on a much more serious tone and will require solid research to support your arguments.

If you’re in need of a little help with your rather traditional and standard writing assignment about terrorism and need help finding sources, here are 12 articles and sources to help you get started with your terrorism essay.

12 Articles and Sources to Support Your Terrorism Essay

I’ve grouped this list of 12 terrorism resources into three categories:

• General terrorism resources
• Psychology and sociology of terrorism
• Terrorism and 9/11

I’ve included a brief summary of each resource and have also included APA (References) and MLA 8 (Works Cited) citations.

If your instructor requires you to include dates of access for online sources, just add the access date to the end of the MLA 8 source, after the period at the end of the URL. Here’s the format you should use: “Accessed day month year” (Example: “Accessed 4 Jan. 2017.”).

General terrorism resources

Source #1: Terrorism

This US government website includes a definition of terrorism and an overview of terrorism and counterterrorism task forces. In addition, within the pages of the site, you can find videos, press releases, speeches, and much more. It also links to several other resources.

(Note: If you use something other than an informational text page, you may need to tweak the entry or add information to meet the requirements for the source type.)

MLA 8 Citation

“Terrorism.” FBI, www.fbi.gov/investigate/terrorism.

APA Citation

Terrorism. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.fbi.gov/investigate/terrorism

Source #2: Global Terrorism Database

This comprehensive, open-source database is hosted and updated by the University of Maryland. It includes over 150,000 terrorism cases from around the world (dating from 1970 to present) with information sourced from over four million news articles and 25,000 news sources.

MLA 8 Citation

Global Terrorism Database. National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START), June 2016, www.start.umd.edu/gtd/about/.

APA Citation

National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START). (2016). Global terrorism database [Data file]. Retrieved from https://www.start.umd.edu/gtd

Source #3: The Evolution of Islamic Terrorism: An Overview

Published by PBS, a well-respected television and news source, this article provides a timeline of the evolution of Islamic terrorism. The website also links to a variety of other terrorism-related PBS stories.

MLA 8 Citation

Moore, John. “The Evolution of Islamic Terrorism: An Overview.” Frontline, www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/target/etc/modern.html.

APA Citation

Moore, J. (n.d.). The evolution of Islamic terrorism: An overview. Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/target/etc/modern.html

Source #4: National Counterterrorism Center

This government website houses a variety of resources, including hearings and official statements. (These are official government documents, so be prepared for some detailed—and rather dry—reading.)

MLA 8 Citation (page/resource on site)

“Title of Page Used from Site.” National Counterterrorism Center. Office of the Director of National Intelligence, DATE (day, month, year/omit if no publication date), www.nctc.gov/index.html.

MLA 8 Citation (entire website)

National Counterterrorism Center. Office of the Director of National Intelligence, www.nctc.gov/index.html.

APA Citation (page/resource on site)*

Title of page used from site. (YEAR/”n.d.” if no publication date). Retrieved from https://www.nctc.gov/transparency.html

*Note: If citing the entire website in APA, the URL is cited parenthetically in the text of your essay rather than as an entry in your reference list.

Psychology and sociology of terrorism

Source #5: The Psychology of Terrorism

This blog post speculates on why so many young British men of Asian descent have become terrorists. The source is considered credible as it is written by Steve Taylor, PhD, a senior lecturer in psychology at Leeds Metropolitan University, UK, and published by Psychology Today.

MLA 8 Citation

Taylor, Steve. “The Psychology of Terrorism: What Makes Young Men Prepared to Kill for a Cause?” Psychology Today, 9 Sept. 2014, www.psychologytoday.com/blog/out-the-darkness/201409/the-psychology-terrorism.

APA Citation

Taylor, S. (2014, September 9). The psychology of terrorism: What makes young men prepared to kill for a cause? [Web log]. Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/out-the-darkness/201409/the-psychology-terrorism

Source #6: The Psychology and Neuroscience of Terrorism

Published by the respected news source CNN, this article examines how people’s brains react to a constant state of terror and fear.

MLA 8 Citation

LaMotte, Sandee. “The Psychology and Neuroscience of Terrorism.” CNN, 15 July 2016, http://www.cnn.com/2016/03/25/health/brain-and-terrorist-attack/.

APA Citation

LaMotte, S. (2016, July 15). The psychology and neuroscience of terrorism. CNN. Retrieved from http://www.cnn.com/2016/03/25/health/brain-and-terrorist-attack/

Source #7: The Psychology Of Radicalization: How Terrorist Groups Attract Young Followers

This source contains an overview of and the transcript and audio for an episode on the original NPR podcast Hidden Brain. The episode examines “the social and psychological drivers behind international terrorism, and why our best efforts to prevent radicalization so often fail.”

Note that the entries below differ depending on whether you cite the text, cite the transcript of the audio, and/or listen to the podcast audio.

MLA 8 Citation (overview text on URL)

“The Psychology of Radicalization: How Terrorist Groups Attract Young Followers.” NPR, 15 Dec. 2015, www.npr.org/2015/12/15/459697926/the-psychology-of-radicalization-how-terrorist-groups-attract-young-followers.

MLA 8 Citation (podcast transcript)

“The Psychology of Radicalization: How Terrorist Groups Attract Young Followers.” NPR, 15 Dec. 2015, www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?storyId=459697926.

MLA 8 Citation (podcast audio)

“The Psychology of Radicalization: How Terrorist Groups Attract Young Followers.” Hidden Brain from NPR, 15 Dec. 2015, www.npr.org/2015/12/15/459697926/the-psychology-of-radicalization-how-terrorist-groups-attract-young-followers.

APA Citation (overview text on URL)

The psychology of radicalization: How terrorist groups attract young followers. (2015, December 15). NPR. Retrieved from http://www.npr.org/2015/12/15/459697926/the-psychology-of-radicalization-how-terrorist-groups-attract-young-followers

APA Citation (podcast transcript)

NPR (Producer). (2015, December 15). The psychology of radicalization: How terrorist groups attract young followers [Podcast transcript]. Retrieved from http://www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?storyId=459697926

APA Citation (podcast audio)

NPR (Producer). (2015, December 15). The psychology of radicalization: How terrorist groups attract young followers [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from http://www.npr.org/2015/12/15/459697926/the-psychology-of-radicalization-how-terrorist-groups-attract-young-followers

Source #8: The Sociology and Psychology of Terrorism: Who Becomes a Terrorist and Why?

Though this is an older source (published in 1999), it was originally prepared for the Library of Congress. This is a lengthy article detailing a study that was designed to identify individuals and groups who may be more likely to become terrorists, and to help improve counterterrorism methods.

Consider using this source to compare studies in 1999 to studies of today, or to compare acts of terror through various decades.

MLA 8 Citation

Hudson, Rex A. “The Sociology and Psychology of Terrorism: Who Becomes a Terrorist and Why?” Library of Congress, Sep. 1999, www.loc.gov/rr/frd/pdf-files/Soc_Psych_of_Terrorism.pdf.

APA Citation

Hudson, R. A. (1999). The sociology and psychology of terrorism: Who becomes a terrorist and why? Retrieved from https://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/pdf-files/Soc_Psych_of_Terrorism.pdf

Terrorism and 9/11

Source #9: 9/11 Attacks

This is a resource posted by History.com (a division of the A+E Television Networks) and contains a timeline of the events as they occurred on 9/11. The resource also links to additional videos and articles regarding 9/11.

MLA 8 Citation

“9/11 Attacks.” History.com. A&E Television Networks, www.history.com/topics/9-11-attacks.

APA Citation

9/11 attacks. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.history.com/topics/9-11-attacks

Source #10: The Terrorist Threat Is Worse Now Than It Was Before 9/11

In this article, author Pamela Engel identifies a variety of terrorist organizations and explains how terror and terrorist threats have grown in recent years.

This article is credible and passes the CRAAP test. It is published by Business Insider, which was founded in 2007 by former top-ranked Wall Street analyst Henry Blodget and DoubleClick executives Dwight Merriman and Kevin Ryan. Business Insider is “the largest business news site on the web.”

MLA 8 Citation

Engel, Pamela. “The Terrorist Threat Is Worse Now Than It Was Before 9/11.” Business Insider, 11 Sep. 2016, www.businessinsider.com/are-we-safer-now-than-on-911-2016-9.

APA Citation

Engel, P. (2016, September 11). The terrorist threat is worse now than it was before 9/11. Business Insider. Retrieved from http://www.businessinsider.com/are-we-safer-now-than-on-911-2016-9

Source #11: Terrorism Since 9/11

Compiled from honors seminars at Ohio State University and with the help CATO Institute interns, this source summarizes cases of terrorism, home and abroad, where the United States was a target.

The site also links to the nearly 1,000-page book that collates the details of all terrorism cases listed on the URL.

Please note: If you click through to another link, make sure to revise the MLA or APA entry accordingly. The entries below are only for the exact URL included for the source as a whole, which has the list of terrorism cases. Individual case links would require changing the title and URL in the citations.

MLA 8 Citation

Mueller, John, editor. “Terrorism Since 9/11.” Ohio State University, 10 Jan. 2017, politicalscience.osu.edu/faculty/jmueller/since.html.

APA Citation

Mueller, J. (2017). Terrorism since 9/11. Retrieved from http://politicalscience.osu.edu/faculty/jmueller/since.html

Source #12: The Evolution of Terrorism Since 9/11

Published by the FBI and written by Lauren O’Brien, an intelligence analyst in the FBI’s Counterterrorism Analysis Section, this article includes an overview of terrorism since 9/11, including Al Qaeda, the Global Jihadist Movement, and the rise of affiliates.

MLA 8 Citation

O’Brien, Lauren B. “The Evolution of Terrorism Since 9/11.” FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin. U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Sep. 2011, leb.fbi.gov/2011/september/the-evolution-of-terrorism-since-9-11.

APA Citation

O’Brien, L. B. (2011, September). The evolution of terrorism since 9/11. FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin. Retrieved from https://leb.fbi.gov/2011/september/the-evolution-of-terrorism-since-9-11

Have Sources. Need Writing Assistance.

Okay, so you have a handful (or two) of sources—now what?

Before you begin writing, it often helps to read a few example essays. Check out these essays for inspiration:

• The Management of Domestic Terrorism in America

• The Effects of Terrorism on European Tourism

• The Effects of Terrorism in Society

Before you begin writing, it often helps to read a few example essays.
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After you’ve read the sample essays, it’s time to get to work on your own terrorism essay.

First, read through your sources to get a better sense of their arguments. Take notes to help you remember important points and to mark sections you may want to cite in your paper.

(Read 10 Note Taking Strategies to Write a Better Essay for more help with taking notes.)

Next, outline your ideas. Identify key arguments for your paper and decide which pieces of information you’ll cite to support your arguments. (Hint: Start with creating your thesis statement to help keep you focused.)

After you’ve drafted your terrorism essay, don’t forget to put the finishing touches on it by making sure the format and all sources are correct.

Have other sources you need to cite? Make sure to follow the necessary guidelines for specific source types that you need to follow. These resources can help with both formatting and further citations:

• The Stress-Free Guide to MLA Essay Format (8th Edition)
• The Stress-Free Guide to APA Essay Format

(Not required to follow MLA or APA? Read Essay Formatting Survival Guide (Infographic) for a few basic formatting tips.)

Finally, you’ll need to revise. Of course, it’s always best to have another person read your paper after you’ve revised your own work. That’s where Kibin editors come in — we’re here 24/7 to provide expert corrections and feedback.

Imagine you’re on an African safari dream vacation. Your tour guide stops in the middle of the Serengeti to point out a pride of lions and to allow a photo op.

The right way to enjoy this breathtaking moment: Stay inside the vehicle (as instructed), and admire the lions from afar. Use your new long-range lens to take amazing closeups of the lions.

The wrong way to enjoy this breathtaking moment: Leave the tour behind, and strike out on your own to get a once-in-a-lifetime selfie with a lion.

Sure that selfie would be amazing, but it’s not worth the risk. On your African safari, it’s always wise to listen to your tour guide (and stay a safe distance from the lions). After all, she’s the expert, and she’s there to protect you and help you enjoy your experience.

Consider me your guide too—one who’s here to help protect you from poor grades and to help you analyze an article the right way.

So let’s get started on how to analyze an article by first looking at the wrong way to do it. (Feel free to take photos along the way, but please keep your hands and feet inside the vehicle at all times.)

The Wrong Way to Analyze an Article

Just like there are certain things you shouldn’t do when you’re on safari with dangerous lions in your midst, there are certain things you shouldn’t do when analyzing an article.

Here are three things you shouldn’t do.

Don’t stop reading after you skim the article

When reading any article, especially longer scholarly articles with headings, it’s always a smart strategy to skim the article to get a sense of the key headings and the gist of the contents.

You don’t, however, want to stop there. You won’t fully understand the arguments of the article if you only skim the content. You’ll need to read the article with a critical eye (more about that in a bit).

Don’t assume there’s nothing to critique

If students are assigned an article to analyze, they sometimes wrongly assume their profs want them to only point out the positive aspects of the article.

Your profs expect you to look at both positive and negative aspects of a piece, so it’s okay to find fault in the article or with the writer’s logic or arguments.

Don’t forget the evidence

Another important point to remember is that no matter whether you ultimately present a positive or negative critique, you’ll need to support your comments with evidence. Don’t make the mistake of writing your analysis without directly referring to evidence from the article itself or using outside sources.

Now that you know what you shouldn’t do, here’s what you should do when analyzing an article.

How to Analyze an Article the Right Way

We covered what not to do. Now let’s look at how to analyze an article effectively.

Analyzing an article—such as a news article, an editorial, or a scholarly article—is different than analyzing literature. (If you’re looking for help with writing a literary analysis, read How to Write a Literary Analysis That Works.)

When you’re analyzing literature, you’re looking for things like symbolism, metaphors, and other literary techniques. Though an article might contain a stray metaphor or two, the goal of an article isn’t to tell a story. The goal is to inform or persuade.

With this in mind, here are three strategies to help you see how to analyze an article the right way.

Read and take notes

Remember, you can’t get away with skimming the article. It would be like watching a movie trailer and assuming you know the entire plot of the film.

So read the entire article, and read it more than once. As you read, take notes.

What type of notes should you take?

Here are a few tips:

• It’s only natural to have to stop and read a section again or to have a few questions. These are key points to notice. Write about what confuses you, and ask questions about the content.
• Identify and take note of key arguments. Articles often uses headings to identify specific sections. If no headings are included, look for changes in topics at the beginnings of paragraphs.
• Look for patterns in the writing. Does the author use the same type of reasoning, logic, or evidence to support arguments throughout? Does the author use humor, or is the tone serious? Jot down your thoughts on how the writer develops the article.

If you’d like to learn more about specific note-taking strategies, read 10 Note Taking Strategies to Write a Better Essay.

Examine the arguments in detail

Through your note-taking, you’ve already identified the main arguments of the article, now take a closer look. How do the arguments hold up?

Here’s what to look for:

• Evidence: What type of evidence does the writer use to support the argument? Does he/she use statistics, examples, or original data? Remember, writers shouldn’t simply make statements without sufficient evidence to support their claims. It’s like a little kid asking a question and a parent replying, “because I said so.” There’s no real evidence to support the parent’s statement. The child is simply supposed to accept the statement.

Don’t automatically accept writers’ statements as fact if they don’t support their arguments!
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• Credibility: Even if a writer appears to use a variety of evidence to support arguments, you need to make sure the sources are reliable. Does the writer cite Wikipedia or statistics from a peer-reviewed, scholarly article? Clearly, there’s a difference between the two.

• Persuasion: If the goal of the article is to persuade, you’ll need to consider whether the writer is convincing. What makes the piece convincing, or why isn’t it convincing?

Need help on what questions to ask? Here’s a pretty solid list of what to consider when analyzing a research article OR a newspaper (or other informational-type articles).

Look for what’s missing

Even if a writer supports the arguments presented in the article, it doesn’t mean that there isn’t something missing.

For instance, let’s say that a writer argues that more students should be eligible for student loan forgiveness. While anyone who has student loans would certainly agree with this idea, the writer may fail to address how the forgiveness of student loans may affect other parties, such as the lenders, colleges, or financial aid programs.

If you find yourself reading an article and saying things like, “…but what about…,” or, “why doesn’t he mention…,” this is a good indication that there is, in fact, something missing from the article and the writer’s arguments.

The End of Our Tour

We’ve reached the end of our tour about how to analyze an article, but as you exit, please stop by the gift shop and check out our additional resources to help you turn your notes into an actual essay.

Here are some resources to help you get started with your paper:

• How to Write an Analytical Essay That Digs Deep
• This Analytical Essay Outline Will Kick Start Your Writing
• How to Write a Smart Rhetorical Analysis Essay

If you’d like to book another tour, Kibin also offers editing services, so send your essay to us to make sure your paper can soothe even the most savage of professors.

Even if you consider yourself an expert on affirmative action, you might have to write a research paper about the topic. If this is the case, you’ll still need to do some research before you write.

If you’re looking for a few sources to get started, check out these 11 sources for an effective affirmative action essay.

11 Smart Sources for an Effective Affirmative Action Essay

No matter what type of paper you write for your affirmative action essay, you’re going to need a variety of different types of sources for your research. I’ve divided these affirmative action sources into four categories:

• Background information articles
• Articles related to affirmative action and education
• Scholarly articles
• Pro/con articles

I’ve also included MLA 8 and APA citations in case you want to cite the article in your own paper. If you need a little help with the in-text citations for MLA 7 format, check out MLA Citation Format Made Easy (infographic).

Affirmative Action Background and Overview

Article #1: Affirmative Action

Published by The Leadership Conference, “the nation’s premier civil and human rights coalition,” this article includes a historical and legal overview of affirmative action, as well as current debates and developments.

MLA 8 Citation

“Affirmative Action.” The Leadership Conference, 2016, www.civilrights.org/resources/civilrights101/affirmaction.html.

APA Citation

Affirmative action. (n.d.). Retrieved May 31, 2017, from http://www.civilrights.org/resources/civilrights101/affirmaction.html

Article #2: Affirmative Action – Overview

This article is published by the National Conference on State Legislatures and provides background information, as well as a discussion of both sides of the affirmative action debate. The article also links to additional resources.

MLA 8 Citation

“Affirmative Action Overview.” National Council on State Legislatures, 2 Feb. 2014, www.ncsl.org/research/education/affirmative-action-overview.aspx.

APA Citation

Affirmative action overview. (2014). Retrieved May 31, 2017, from http://www.ncsl.org/research/education/affirmative-action-overview.aspx

Article #3: Ten Myths About Affirmative Action

Originally published in the Journal of Social Issues in 2003, this recently updated article discusses 10 common myths about affirmative action. The article also contains a list of references that you might want to review as part of your research. (Some of the articles are dated but could be used in a historical discussion of the topic.)

MLA 8 Citation

Plous, Scott. “Ten Myths About Affirmative Action.” Understanding Prejudice,  www.ncsl.org/research/education/affirmative-action-overview.aspx.

APA Citation

Plous, S. (n.d.). 10 myths about affirmative action. Retrieved May 31, 2017, from http://www.ncsl.org/research/education/affirmative-action-overview.aspx

Affirmative Action and Education

Article #4: Affirmative Action in Education

Published by the Equal Opportunity and Equity Staff of NC State University, this brief article highlights the need for affirmative action in higher education.

MLA 8 Citation

“Affirmative Action in Education.” NC State, oied.ncsu.edu/equity/affirmative-action-in-education/.

APA Citation

Affirmative action in education. (n.d.). Retrieved May 31, 2017, from http://oied.ncsu.edu/equity/affirmative-action-in-education/

Article #5: Affirmative Action and the Crisis in Higher Education

This article is published by a respected news source, The Huffington Post, and discusses how affirmative action affects higher education in the areas of admissions, financial assistance, and faculty hiring.

MLA 8 Citation

Gerber, Scott D. “Affirmative Action and the Crisis in Higher Education.” The Huffington Post, 8 Aug. 2014, www.huffingtonpost.com/scott-d-gerber/affirmative-action-and-th_b_5675128.html.

APA Citation

Gerber, S. D. (2014, August 8). Affirmative action and the crisis in higher education. The Huffington Post. Retrieved May 31, 2017, from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/scott-d-gerber/affirmative-action-and-th_b_5675128.html

Article #6: Seven Myths about Affirmative Action in Universities

This resource is the text of a speech given by President Lee C. Bollinger, the nineteenth president of Columbia University and an affirmative action advocate. As the title indicates, the speech includes seven myths about affirmative action in higher education.

MLA 8 Citation

“Seven Myths about Affirmative Action.” Columbia University, www.columbia.edu/content/seven-myths-about-affirmative-action-universities.html.

APA Citation

Seven myths about affirmative action. (n.d.). Retrieved May 31, 2017, from http://www.columbia.edu/content/seven-myths-about-affirmative-action-universities.html

Affirmative Action—Scholarly Articles

Article #7: How Costly is Diversity? Affirmative Action in Light of Gender Differences in Competitiveness

The authors of this article conclude that women and men respond differently to competition. It suggests that if affirmative action is put into place to ensure that both men and women are represented equally in high-profile professions and jobs, the gender gap may be lessened.

MLA 8 Citation

Niederle, Muriel, Carmit Segal, and Lise Veterlund. “How Costly is Diversity? Affirmative Action in Light of Gender Differences in Competitiveness.” Management Science, vol. 59, no. 1, 2013, pp. 1-16, dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1120.1602.

APA Citation

Niederle, M., Segal, C., & Veterlund, L. (2013). How costly is diversity? Affirmative action in light of gender differences in competitiveness. Management Science, 59(1), pp. 1-16. dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1120.1602

Article #8: The Effects of Affirmative Action Bans on College Enrollment, Educational Attainment, and the Demographic Composition of Universities

The author of this article, Peter Hinrichs, concludes that most college and university students realize no effects from affirmative action bans. He also concludes that affirmative action bans decrease enrollment of minority students while increasing white enrollment at some colleges.

While this source is a working paper, CiteSeerX is a scientific literature digital library with scholarly publications. Hinrichs later published a shorter article of the same title in The Review of Economics and Statistics, a scholarly journal.

MLA 8 Citation

Hinrichs, Peter. “The Effects of Affirmative Action Bans on College Enrollment, Educational Attainment, and the Demographic Composition of Universities.” CiteSeerX, 2010, citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.484.8523&rep=rep1&type=pdf.

APA Citation

Hinrichs, P. (2010). The effects of affirmative action bans on college enrollment, educational attainment, and the demographic composition of universities. Retrieved from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.484.8523&rep=rep1&type=pdf

Article #9: Do Affirmative Action Bans Lower Minority College Enrollment and Attainment?

The author of this article concludes that affirmative action bans had little effect on black and Hispanic enrollment at public universities and had little effect on black and Hispanic graduation rates. However, he does find that black and Hispanic enrollment drops at top universities.

MLA 8 Citation

Backes, Ben. “Do Affirmative Action Bans Lower Minority College Enrollment and Attainment?” The Journal of Human Resources, Spring 2012, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 435-55. doi: 10.3368/jhr.47.2.435.

APA Citation

Backes, B. (2012). “Do affirmative action bans lower minority college enrollment and attainment? The Journal of Human Resources, 47,(2), pp. 435-455. doi: 10.3368/jhr.47.2.435

Pros and Cons of Affirmative Action

Article #10: Does the US Need Affirmative Action?

This resources includes quotes and links to various articles (both written and published by credible sources) that discuss the pros and cons of affirmative action. This resource is from the nonprofit group ProCon.org, whose goal is to provide free educational resources on important issues.

MLA 8 Citation

“Does the US Need Affirmative Action?” ProCon.org, 19 Nov. 2009, aclu.procon.org/view.answers.php?questionID=000697.

APA Citation

Does the US need affirmative action? (n.d.). Retrieved from http://aclu.procon.org//view.answers.php?questionID=000697

Article #11: The Case For Affirmative Action

Written by Charles J. Ogletree Jr., a Harvard Law School professor and member of the Stanford Board of Trustees, this brief article argues that affirmative action must continue in order to ensure that student populations at universities remain diverse.

MLA 8 Citation

Ogletree, Charles, Jr. “The Case For Affirmative Action.” Stanford, alumni.stanford.edu/get/page/magazine/article/?article_id=43428.

APA Citation

Ogletree, C. (n.d.). The case for affirmative action. Retrieved from https://alumni.stanford.edu/get/page/magazine/article/?article_id=43428

Even More Resources

Because I’m just that kind of gal, here are a few more resources to help you write that “A” affirmative action essay.

• 5 Best Resources to Help Write a Research Paper
• How to Craft a Research Paper Outline
• How to Narrow a Topic and Write a Focused Paper
• How to Write a Thesis Statement in 5 Simple Steps

Here are some resources to help you get an “A” on your affirmative action paper.
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Check out these sample affirmative action essays from our database to see what types of strategies others have used when writing about this topic. And if you need to cite additional sources, use the MLA 8 or APA guide below for extra guidance:

• The Stress-Free Guide to MLA Essay Format (8th Edition)
• The Stress-Free Guide to APA Essay Format

Once you’ve researched, outlined, drafted, and revised your affirmative action essay, why not get another opinion? Have a Kibin editor read your paper to make sure you’re on your way to that “A”!

When winter comes, the grasshopper is starving, begging for food because he didn’t prepare for the long winter.

Don’t be the grasshopper. Be the ant.

When it comes to writing a paper, be organized, prepared, and work smartly to finish your essay so that you’re not struggling at the last minute.

Here’s one way you can be like the ant. You can work smarter on your essay about minimum wage and get the assignment done before the due date!

3 Ways to Work Smarter on Your Minimum Wage Essay

Raise your hand if you’ve ever worked a minimum wage job. Keep your hand up if you’ve felt that you deserved more than minimum wage for your work. (I’m guessing your hand is still in the air.)

This is a good start to your paper as you have some knowledge about the topic and have an interest in what you’re writing about. This passion and knowledge can be especially useful if you need to argue your topic or write a persuasive essay about the topic.

But where do you go from here? Rather than spending time writing at the last minute with no real direction, follow these three tips to work smarter on your essay.

Tip #1: Find your focus (AKA, your thesis statement)

The thesis statement provides direction and tells readers what to expect when reading your paper. It also includes the stance of your paper.

In a minimum wage essay, you’ll write about whether raising the minimum wage would be beneficial or whether raising the minimum wage might create some damage to businesses and the economy.

If you’re not sure of your stance on a minimum wage essay, try out a few thesis statements to help focus your ideas.

Unsure of your stance for a minimum wage essay? Try out some thesis statements to focus your ideas.
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Sample thesis statements:

In favor of raising the minimum wage

• Raising the minimum is necessary in order to provide a livable income to low-wage workers.
• Raising the minimum wage will help stimulate the economy because low-wage workers will be able to spend more.
• Increasing the minimum wage encourages workers to be dedicated to their jobs because they will be happier and more satisfied with their positions.

Against raising the minimum wage

• Increasing the minimum wage can cause employers to hire fewer people, thereby actually putting some employees out of work.
• Companies and businesses may increase prices in order to cover any increases in the minimum wage, and consumers will suffer.
• Raising the minimum wage discourages people from returning to school for training or higher education because they can earn a livable wage at their current jobs.

If you determine your thesis statement, you’ll have a better sense of your stance on the subject.

Still stumped on how to find or narrow your focus? Get inspired by some How to Narrow a Topic and Write a Focused Paper. Mind mapping can also be helpful—and fun if you want to get creative.

Once you have your focus down, the next step is to develop your ideas and decide what information you’ll use to support your claims.

Tip #2: Do the research

It’s fine to have an opinion on something, but if you’re writing a research essay or just need more information to support your opinion, you’re going to need some sources.

If you plan to do most of your research online, it’s especially important to check to make sure you’re using credible sources. Use the CRAAP test to make sure the websites are worth citing.

To start your research, you might want to do a Google search for news articles. Look for basic articles from credible news sources (such as the ones I’ve listed below). This gives you a quick synopsis of the most recent events related to your topic.

Here are a few news sources you might review for your minimum wage essay.

• $15 Minimum Wages Would Be the Highest in the World: This article discusses the legislation to increase minimum wage in New York and California.
• Who will pay for a $15 minimum wage?: This article questions whether minimum wage is the best way to solve the problem of poverty and low wages.
• Instant Analysis: Target Corp. Raises Minimum Wage to $10 an Hour: This article discusses Target’s decision to raise minimum wage in order to keep up with other big-box retailers, such as Walmart.

If you’re ready to move on to more scholarly reading, try Google Scholar. You’ll find more detailed, research-based articles. Google Scholar includes sources that have already been determined to be credible. So you’re pretty safe choosing these types of sources.

Here are a few Google Scholar articles you might want to check out:

• The Effect of Minimum Wage on Employment and Unemployment: This is an old (and lengthy) article—written in 1982—but older articles such as this can be great sources to illustrate the debate and examine the history of the topic.
• Revisiting the Minimum Wage Debate: Throwing the Baby Out With the Bathwater?: This is a more recent, but still very lengthy and detailed, discussion of whether the minimum wage should be raised.
• Why Does the Minimum Wage Have No Discernible Effect on Employment?: This resource is actually a report, but the title says it all. The report focuses on the effect (or lack of effect) minimum wage has on employment.

If these articles aren’t the exact sources you need for your paper (and they’re probably not), read 5 Best Resources to Help With Writing a Research Paper to learn more about where you can find additional sources.

Tip #3: Outline ideas

Now that you have a topic and sources for your paper, it’s time to sketch out a few thoughts as to what your paper will look like.

You can do this by writing a formal outline (which may be required by your instructor). Or you might just jot down a few ideas to help organize your thoughts.

(Bonus tip: Try these 6 Prewriting Strategies to Get Your Essay Rolling.)

If you need a formal outline, check out 7 Essay Outline Templates to Get Your Essay Going and How to Craft a Research Paper Outline.

If you just need to sketch out some ideas, you might try something like this:

Introduction:

• Start with a hook to grab the reader’s attention. In an essay about minimum wage, you might start with a shocking statistic or quote about minimum wage. For example, “In 2014, about 1.3 million U.S. workers age 16 and over earned exactly the prevailing federal minimum wage of $7.25 per hour” (http://poverty.ucdavis.edu).
• End the introduction with a focused thesis statement. Remember, you might be arguing either for or against raising the federal minimum wage.

Body Paragraphs:

• These paragraphs will provide evidence to support each argument. For instance, you might argue that the federal minimum wage must be increased because it’s virtually impossible to survive on a minimum wage job. You can cite statistics about how much the average worker makes. Then you could also include information about how much it costs to live and how much it costs to support a family. You might also include statistics about how many minimum wage workers qualify for other forms of federal aid, such as subsidized housing, medicaid, or food subsidies.

Conclusion:

• You’ll wrap up your paper by restating key ideas and leaving readers with something to think about. If you’re arguing in favor of raising the minimum wage, you might ask people to consider how much the increase will truly help those in need.

Working Smarter

By being a smart worker ant, your hard work has paid off. You now have a topic, thesis statement, sources, arguments, and an outline. You’re ready to write your minimum wage essay!

This means you still have time to make sure your paper is in tip-top shape before you submit it. Before you turn in your paper, re-read the assignment guidelines. Also make sure you’ve cited your paper in the proper format (APA and MLA are used most frequently).

And since you’ve planned ahead and have ample time to revise your paper, have a Kibin editor help you with revisions!

Good luck!